1076 Demetrius Zvonimir, the last native king who exerted any real power over the entire Croatian state, was crowned on October 8, 1076. He inherited the Kingdom of Croatia at its height and ruled it from the city of Knin. Zvonimir's reign is remembered as a peaceful and prosperous time, during which the connection of Croats with the Holy See was further affirmed, so much so that Catholicism would remain among Croats until the present day.
1600 San Marino's written constitution was adopted on October 8, 1600. The Leges Statutae Republicae Sancti Marini is a series of six books written in Latin in the late 16th century, that dictate San Marino's political system, among other matters. It is considered to be the earliest written constitution still in effect of any country in the world.
1666 Samuel Pepys recorded in his diary on October 8, 1666 that King Charles II had started wearing a highly patterned waistcoat. Underneath his waistcoat he wore a Persian coat and lace cravats. The diarist and civil servant wrote: "The King hath yesterday in Council declared his resolution of setting a fashion for clothes, which he will never alter. It will be a vest, I know not well how." He went on: "It is to teach the nobility thrift, and will do good."
1754 By the age of 47 English novelist Henry Fielding was suffering from gout, asthma, jaundice and other afflictions. He sailed for Lisbon, Portugal with his wife and daughter hoping the kinder climate would benefit him. Unfortunately the change of climate came too late and he died of dropsy two months after arriving there on October 8, 1754.
1789 Lady pirate Rachel Wall was hanged on October 8, 1789 in Boston for highway robbery. She was the last woman to be hanged in Massachusetts. Wall may also have been the first American-born woman to become a pirate.
1869 Franklin Pierce, the 14th President of the United States died on October 8, 1869, A heavy drinker in the last decade of his life, Pierce died of cirrhosis of the liver in Concord, New Hampshire at the age of 64. He was buried in Old North Cemetery in Concord.
1871 The Great Chicago Fire begun on October 8, 1871. It caused an estimated $200 million of damage killed up to 300 people and left more than 100,000 residents homeless. While the fire did start in the O’Leary's cow barn, there is no evidence that a cow actually started it. Michael Ahern, a reporter, admitted to creating the cow story to make his article more interesting.
1871 The Peshtigo Fire took place on October 8, 1871 in and around Peshtigo in northeastern Wisconsin. The wildfire consumed an area twice the size of Rhode Island, It was the deadliest forest fire in recorded history, with estimated deaths of around 2,000 people. However, occurring on the same day as the more famous Great Chicago Fire, the Peshtigo fire has been largely forgotten.
1885 A funeral service for the late social reformer Lord Shaftesbury was held in Westminster Abbey during the early morning of October 8, 1885. The streets along the route from Grosvenor Square and Westminster Abbey were thronged with factory workers, coal miners and their like who waited for hours to see the Poor Man's Earl's coffin as it passed by.
1893 Pyotr Tchaikovsky conducted the first performance of his Pathétique symphony, which was dedicated to his nephew, in St Petersburg, on October 8, 1893. The symphony was written in Tchaikovsky's summer house in Klin, 50 miles northwest of Moscow. Writing to his nephew the composer said, "I consider the Symphony the best thing I've ever done."
1904 Theodora "Theo" Anna Sprüngli better known under the pseudonym Anna Rüling, was a German journalist. One of the first modern European women to come out as homosexual, her speech on October 8, 1904, "What Interest does the Women's Movement have in Solving the Homosexual Problem?" was the first political speech to address the problems faced by lesbians.
1905 The first chemical treatment for curling hair that was suitable for use on people was invented by the German hairdresser Karl Nessler (1872-1951) using a mixture of cow urine and water. The first public demonstration of took place on October 8, 1905 when Nessler displayed his ‘permanent wave’ machine at 245 Oxford Street, London, in front of prominent hairdressers of the time.
1913 Solveig Gunbjørg Jacobsen of Norway was born in Grytviken on the island territory of South Georgia on October 8, 1913. She was the first person born South of the Antarctic Convergence, Solveig also had claims to be the actual first Antarctica birth as that territory is sometimes considered part of Antarctica.
1983 On October 8, 1981, public health nurse Bobbi Campbell became the 16th person in San Francisco to be diagnosed with Kaposi's sarcoma, when that was a proxy for an AIDS diagnosis. He was the first to publicly identify as a person living with what was to become known as HIV/AIDS.
1985 The English-language version of the Les Misérables musical opened in London on October 8, 1985. The London production ran until July 2019, making it the longest-running musical in the West End and the second longest-running musical in the world after the original Off-Broadway run of The Fantasticks.
1997 On the morning of October 8, 1997, Cornell students, faculty and staff strolling by McGraw Tower noted an unusual sight: a 60 pound pumpkin impaled on the spire 173 feet up. To this day, no one is really sure how this was accomplished without anyone noticing.
1999 Michael Jackson married his former housekeeper Debbie Rowe in 1996. They had two children together: Prince Michael Joseph Jackson Jr. and Paris Michael Katherine Jackson. The couple divorced on October 8, 1999.
2001 Pakistani serial killer Javed Iqbal was sentenced to death by being strangled in front of his victims' families, dismembered and then burned in a vat of acid, in the same way he killed over 100 teenage boys. He was found dead in his cell on October 8, 2001 before the execution could be carried out.
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| By Slovenski Volk at English Wikipedia |
1600 San Marino's written constitution was adopted on October 8, 1600. The Leges Statutae Republicae Sancti Marini is a series of six books written in Latin in the late 16th century, that dictate San Marino's political system, among other matters. It is considered to be the earliest written constitution still in effect of any country in the world.
1666 Samuel Pepys recorded in his diary on October 8, 1666 that King Charles II had started wearing a highly patterned waistcoat. Underneath his waistcoat he wore a Persian coat and lace cravats. The diarist and civil servant wrote: "The King hath yesterday in Council declared his resolution of setting a fashion for clothes, which he will never alter. It will be a vest, I know not well how." He went on: "It is to teach the nobility thrift, and will do good."
1754 By the age of 47 English novelist Henry Fielding was suffering from gout, asthma, jaundice and other afflictions. He sailed for Lisbon, Portugal with his wife and daughter hoping the kinder climate would benefit him. Unfortunately the change of climate came too late and he died of dropsy two months after arriving there on October 8, 1754.
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| Henry Fielding, about 1743, etching by Jonathan Wild |
1789 Lady pirate Rachel Wall was hanged on October 8, 1789 in Boston for highway robbery. She was the last woman to be hanged in Massachusetts. Wall may also have been the first American-born woman to become a pirate.
1869 Franklin Pierce, the 14th President of the United States died on October 8, 1869, A heavy drinker in the last decade of his life, Pierce died of cirrhosis of the liver in Concord, New Hampshire at the age of 64. He was buried in Old North Cemetery in Concord.
1871 The Great Chicago Fire begun on October 8, 1871. It caused an estimated $200 million of damage killed up to 300 people and left more than 100,000 residents homeless. While the fire did start in the O’Leary's cow barn, there is no evidence that a cow actually started it. Michael Ahern, a reporter, admitted to creating the cow story to make his article more interesting.
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| Artist's rendering of the fire. The view faces NE across the Randolph Street Bridge |
1871 The Peshtigo Fire took place on October 8, 1871 in and around Peshtigo in northeastern Wisconsin. The wildfire consumed an area twice the size of Rhode Island, It was the deadliest forest fire in recorded history, with estimated deaths of around 2,000 people. However, occurring on the same day as the more famous Great Chicago Fire, the Peshtigo fire has been largely forgotten.
1885 A funeral service for the late social reformer Lord Shaftesbury was held in Westminster Abbey during the early morning of October 8, 1885. The streets along the route from Grosvenor Square and Westminster Abbey were thronged with factory workers, coal miners and their like who waited for hours to see the Poor Man's Earl's coffin as it passed by.
1893 Pyotr Tchaikovsky conducted the first performance of his Pathétique symphony, which was dedicated to his nephew, in St Petersburg, on October 8, 1893. The symphony was written in Tchaikovsky's summer house in Klin, 50 miles northwest of Moscow. Writing to his nephew the composer said, "I consider the Symphony the best thing I've ever done."
1904 Theodora "Theo" Anna Sprüngli better known under the pseudonym Anna Rüling, was a German journalist. One of the first modern European women to come out as homosexual, her speech on October 8, 1904, "What Interest does the Women's Movement have in Solving the Homosexual Problem?" was the first political speech to address the problems faced by lesbians.
1905 The first chemical treatment for curling hair that was suitable for use on people was invented by the German hairdresser Karl Nessler (1872-1951) using a mixture of cow urine and water. The first public demonstration of took place on October 8, 1905 when Nessler displayed his ‘permanent wave’ machine at 245 Oxford Street, London, in front of prominent hairdressers of the time.
1913 Solveig Gunbjørg Jacobsen of Norway was born in Grytviken on the island territory of South Georgia on October 8, 1913. She was the first person born South of the Antarctic Convergence, Solveig also had claims to be the actual first Antarctica birth as that territory is sometimes considered part of Antarctica.
1918 Beirut was occupied by the Allies on October 8, 1918, during World War I, marking the end of Ottoman rule in the region , which had lasted for over 400 years. It also led to the creation of the French Mandate of Lebanon, which lasted until 1946.
1945 Dr. Percy Spencer, an engineer with the Raytheon Corporation, created the first true microwave oven by attaching a high density electromagnetic field generator to an enclosed metal box. The magnetron emitted microwaves into the metal box blocking any escape, allowing for controlled and safe experimentation. He then placed various food items in the box, while observing effects and monitoring temperatures. Raytheon filed a patent for Spencer's microwave cooking oven on October 8, 1945. It was 5ft 6 ins tall and weighed 700lb.
1946 Christian Dior founded his fashion house on October 8, 1946, backed by cotton-fabric magnate Marcel Boussac. The phrase 'The New Look' was coined by Harper's Bazaar, the fashion monthly, for Dior's first fashion collection four months later. His long-skirted "new look" brought Dior worldwide fame and helped Paris regain its position as the capital of the fashion world.
1953 Eighteen months after Jim Elliot arrived in Ecuador with the purpose of evangelizing Ecuador's Quechua Indians, he married fellow missionary Elisabeth Howard on October 8, 1953. The wedding was a simple civil ceremony held in the Ecuadorian capital Quito. After her husband was martyred Elisabeth published two books, Shadow of the Almighty: The Life and Testament of Jim Elliot and Through Gates of Splendor, which describe the life and death of her husband.
1956 The Southdale Center, a shopping mall located in Edina, Minnesota opened on October 8, 1956. Complete with shops, a school, an auditorium and a skating rink,Victor Gruen, the center's architect, designed the mall to challenge the "car-centric" America that was rising in the 1950s. It is the oldest fully enclosed, climate-controlled mall in the United States.
1945 Dr. Percy Spencer, an engineer with the Raytheon Corporation, created the first true microwave oven by attaching a high density electromagnetic field generator to an enclosed metal box. The magnetron emitted microwaves into the metal box blocking any escape, allowing for controlled and safe experimentation. He then placed various food items in the box, while observing effects and monitoring temperatures. Raytheon filed a patent for Spencer's microwave cooking oven on October 8, 1945. It was 5ft 6 ins tall and weighed 700lb.
1946 Christian Dior founded his fashion house on October 8, 1946, backed by cotton-fabric magnate Marcel Boussac. The phrase 'The New Look' was coined by Harper's Bazaar, the fashion monthly, for Dior's first fashion collection four months later. His long-skirted "new look" brought Dior worldwide fame and helped Paris regain its position as the capital of the fashion world.
1953 Eighteen months after Jim Elliot arrived in Ecuador with the purpose of evangelizing Ecuador's Quechua Indians, he married fellow missionary Elisabeth Howard on October 8, 1953. The wedding was a simple civil ceremony held in the Ecuadorian capital Quito. After her husband was martyred Elisabeth published two books, Shadow of the Almighty: The Life and Testament of Jim Elliot and Through Gates of Splendor, which describe the life and death of her husband.
1956 The Southdale Center, a shopping mall located in Edina, Minnesota opened on October 8, 1956. Complete with shops, a school, an auditorium and a skating rink,Victor Gruen, the center's architect, designed the mall to challenge the "car-centric" America that was rising in the 1950s. It is the oldest fully enclosed, climate-controlled mall in the United States.
1967 British prime minister Clement Attlee died of pneumonia at the age of 84 at Westminster Hospital on October 8, 1967. His estate was sworn for probate purposes at a value of £7,295, a relatively modest sum for so prominent a figure. In 2004, Atlee was voted the greatest British prime minister of the 20th century in a poll of 139 academics organized by MORI.
1978 Australian motorboat racer Ken Warby set the world water speed record of 317.60 mph in his boat Spirit Of Australia in New South Wales on October 8, 1978. The record still stands today. The Spirit of Australia can today be found on display at the Australian National Maritime Museum in Sydney.
1983 On October 8, 1981, public health nurse Bobbi Campbell became the 16th person in San Francisco to be diagnosed with Kaposi's sarcoma, when that was a proxy for an AIDS diagnosis. He was the first to publicly identify as a person living with what was to become known as HIV/AIDS.
1985 The English-language version of the Les Misérables musical opened in London on October 8, 1985. The London production ran until July 2019, making it the longest-running musical in the West End and the second longest-running musical in the world after the original Off-Broadway run of The Fantasticks.
1997 On the morning of October 8, 1997, Cornell students, faculty and staff strolling by McGraw Tower noted an unusual sight: a 60 pound pumpkin impaled on the spire 173 feet up. To this day, no one is really sure how this was accomplished without anyone noticing.
1999 Michael Jackson married his former housekeeper Debbie Rowe in 1996. They had two children together: Prince Michael Joseph Jackson Jr. and Paris Michael Katherine Jackson. The couple divorced on October 8, 1999.
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