64 The Great Fire of Rome erupted on the night of July 18 to 19 July 64. For seven nights it burned and the Emperor Nero watched from the Tower of Maecenas, enraptured by what he called, "The beauty of the flames". He hoped the Christians would be blamed, but many Romans believed Nero himself had started in order to clear land for his planned palatial complex, the Domus Aurea.
64 The first known instance outside of the Bible of the use of the term "Christian" was by the Roman historian Tacitus. He noted that the emperor Nero blamed the "Christians" for the starting of the fire on the night of July 18, 64 AD that destroyed half of Rome,
1290 Anti-Semitism, a long-existing attitude, increased substantially during Edward I of England's reign. All the heads of Jewish households were arrested and the authorities took over 300 of them to the Tower of London and executed them, while killing others in their homes. Finally, on July 18, 1290, the king issued the Edict of Expulsion, banishing all Jews from England. They emigrated to France and the Netherlands, as well as to countries such as Poland, which at that time protected them.
1817 During March 1817, Jane Austen's health declined rapidly and she was forced to abandon her Sanditon novel, after completing twelve chapters. It is thought she had Addison’s disease. She moved with her sister Cassandra to Winchester, to be near her physician and she died there, in the arms of her sister, on July 18, 1817, at the age of only 41. Her last words were, "I want nothing but death."
Only four people – the Rev Thomas Watkins and three Austen brothers – attended her funeral.
1863 William H Carney was the first black soldier to earn the Medal of Honor. He won it for heroic actions at the on July 18, 1863 Second Battle of Fort Wagner in the American Civil War. Though shot four times, he refused to relinquish the 54th Massachusetts Flag, stating later, "Boys, the old flag never touched the ground."
1870 The First Vatican Council decreed the dogma of papal infallibility on July 18, 1870 in the document Pastor aeternus. The doctrine had been defended before that, existing already in medieval theology and being the majority opinion at the time of the Counter-Reformation.
1872 The landmark Ballot Act was passed on July 18, 1872, which introduced a secret ballot in British elections. The secret ballot mandated by the Act was first used a month later to re-elect Hugh Childers as MP for Pontefract in a ministerial by-election. Of those who voted, 16%, were illiterate, and special arrangements had to be made to record their previously-open oral votes.
1877 The Russian composer Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky married his student Antonina Ivanovna Milivkova at the Church of Saint George in Moscow on July 18, 1877. The marriage was hasty, and Tchaikovsky quickly found he could not bear his wife. Finding Antonina physically repulsive, Tchaikovsky sneaked away one night six weeks after their marriage and fled to his brother, Anatoly in St Petersburg. Antonia kept in touch with letters and they never divorced.
1918 Nelson Mandela was born in Mvezo, Transkei South Africa on July 18, 1918 to a Thembu royal family.Mandela's original name was Rolihlahla Mandela. In his Xhosa tribe, the name means pulling the branch of a tree or troublemaker. The name "Nelson" was given to him by his teacher Miss Mdingane on his first day of elementary school. African children were given English names so colonial masters could pronounce them easily.
1921 The astronaut and politician John Glenn was born on July 18, 1921. He became the first American to orbit the earth, making three orbits in 4 hours, 55 minutes abroad Friendship 7 in 1962.
Following his retirement from NASA, Glenn served from 1974 to 1999 as a Democratic United States senator from Ohio. In 1998, he flew into space again at age 77 becoming the oldest astronaut ever.
1925 During his nine months incarceration in Landsberg Prison for his participation in the Beer Hall Putsch, Adolf Hitler wrote the first part of his political testament Mein Kampf ("My Struggle"). It was typed with two fingers by Rudolf Hess, Hitler's fellow room-mate during his 1923 imprisonment and the composer Richard Wagner's daughter in law, Winifred, bought the paper to prison that Hitler used to write his work. Volume 1 of Mein Kampf was published on July 18, 1925.
1942 The first operational jet fighter was the Messerschmitt Me 262, made by Germany during late World War II. It was the fastest conventional aircraft of the war and completed its first flight on July 18, 1942.
1950 Businessman Richard Branson was born in Blackheath, London on July 18, 1950. Despite being dyslexic, he started a magazine called Student whilst at school, which was relatively successful at selling ads. Branson is the founder of Virgin. He chose the company name after it was suggested by one of his friends that they were all 'virgins' in business.
1970 Queen are a British rock band that formed in London in 1970. The original band members were Freddie Mercury (lead vocals, piano), Brian May (guitar, vocals), Roger Taylor (drums, vocals), and John Deacon (bass guitar). Queen performed their first public gig at Imperial College, Prince Consort Road, London on July 18, 1970.
1976 On July 18, 1976, Nadia Comaneci became the first gymnast in the Olympic History to score a perfect 10. She received the first perfect score for her performance on the un-even bars, The computerized scoreboard could not register her perfect 10 mark but only able to show 1.00 point.
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| Artwork depicting the Great Fire of Rome. |
64 The first known instance outside of the Bible of the use of the term "Christian" was by the Roman historian Tacitus. He noted that the emperor Nero blamed the "Christians" for the starting of the fire on the night of July 18, 64 AD that destroyed half of Rome,
1817 During March 1817, Jane Austen's health declined rapidly and she was forced to abandon her Sanditon novel, after completing twelve chapters. It is thought she had Addison’s disease. She moved with her sister Cassandra to Winchester, to be near her physician and she died there, in the arms of her sister, on July 18, 1817, at the age of only 41. Her last words were, "I want nothing but death."
Only four people – the Rev Thomas Watkins and three Austen brothers – attended her funeral.
 |
| House in Winchester where Austen spent her final days. Photograph by Mike Peel |
1863 William H Carney was the first black soldier to earn the Medal of Honor. He won it for heroic actions at the on July 18, 1863 Second Battle of Fort Wagner in the American Civil War. Though shot four times, he refused to relinquish the 54th Massachusetts Flag, stating later, "Boys, the old flag never touched the ground."
1872 The landmark Ballot Act was passed on July 18, 1872, which introduced a secret ballot in British elections. The secret ballot mandated by the Act was first used a month later to re-elect Hugh Childers as MP for Pontefract in a ministerial by-election. Of those who voted, 16%, were illiterate, and special arrangements had to be made to record their previously-open oral votes.
1877 The Russian composer Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky married his student Antonina Ivanovna Milivkova at the Church of Saint George in Moscow on July 18, 1877. The marriage was hasty, and Tchaikovsky quickly found he could not bear his wife. Finding Antonina physically repulsive, Tchaikovsky sneaked away one night six weeks after their marriage and fled to his brother, Anatoly in St Petersburg. Antonia kept in touch with letters and they never divorced.
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| Tchaikovsky and Antonina on their honeymoon |
1918 Nelson Mandela was born in Mvezo, Transkei South Africa on July 18, 1918 to a Thembu royal family.Mandela's original name was Rolihlahla Mandela. In his Xhosa tribe, the name means pulling the branch of a tree or troublemaker. The name "Nelson" was given to him by his teacher Miss Mdingane on his first day of elementary school. African children were given English names so colonial masters could pronounce them easily.
1921 The astronaut and politician John Glenn was born on July 18, 1921. He became the first American to orbit the earth, making three orbits in 4 hours, 55 minutes abroad Friendship 7 in 1962.
Following his retirement from NASA, Glenn served from 1974 to 1999 as a Democratic United States senator from Ohio. In 1998, he flew into space again at age 77 becoming the oldest astronaut ever.
1925 During his nine months incarceration in Landsberg Prison for his participation in the Beer Hall Putsch, Adolf Hitler wrote the first part of his political testament Mein Kampf ("My Struggle"). It was typed with two fingers by Rudolf Hess, Hitler's fellow room-mate during his 1923 imprisonment and the composer Richard Wagner's daughter in law, Winifred, bought the paper to prison that Hitler used to write his work. Volume 1 of Mein Kampf was published on July 18, 1925.
1942 The first operational jet fighter was the Messerschmitt Me 262, made by Germany during late World War II. It was the fastest conventional aircraft of the war and completed its first flight on July 18, 1942.
1950 Businessman Richard Branson was born in Blackheath, London on July 18, 1950. Despite being dyslexic, he started a magazine called Student whilst at school, which was relatively successful at selling ads. Branson is the founder of Virgin. He chose the company name after it was suggested by one of his friends that they were all 'virgins' in business.
1970 Queen are a British rock band that formed in London in 1970. The original band members were Freddie Mercury (lead vocals, piano), Brian May (guitar, vocals), Roger Taylor (drums, vocals), and John Deacon (bass guitar). Queen performed their first public gig at Imperial College, Prince Consort Road, London on July 18, 1970.
1976 On July 18, 1976, Nadia Comaneci became the first gymnast in the Olympic History to score a perfect 10. She received the first perfect score for her performance on the un-even bars, The computerized scoreboard could not register her perfect 10 mark but only able to show 1.00 point.
1997 Eugene Merle Shoemaker, the co-discoverer of the Comet Shoemaker–Levy 9, is the only person with remains cremated on a celestial body outside Earth. On July 18, 1997 Shoemaker died in a car crash while on an expedition for crater sites in Australia. On July 31, 1999, some of his ashes were carried to the Moon by the Lunar Prospector space probe.
2012 On July 18, 2012 a suicide bomber attacked an Israeli tour bus at Burgas Airport, Bulgaria killing five people and injuring 32 others. The bomber was later identified as Mohamad Hassan El-Husseini, a Lebanese-French dual national with ties to Hezbollah. In 2013, and partly in response to the bombing, In the wake of the attack, the European Union unanimously voted to list the military wing of Hezbollah as a terrorist organization.
2013 The government of Detroit, with an estimated at $18–20 billion in debt, filed for the largest municipal bankruptcy in US history on July 18, 2013. Detroit was the largest city by population in the U.S. history to file for Chapter 9 bankruptcy, more than twice as large as Stockton, California, which filed in 2012.
2012 On July 18, 2012 a suicide bomber attacked an Israeli tour bus at Burgas Airport, Bulgaria killing five people and injuring 32 others. The bomber was later identified as Mohamad Hassan El-Husseini, a Lebanese-French dual national with ties to Hezbollah. In 2013, and partly in response to the bombing, In the wake of the attack, the European Union unanimously voted to list the military wing of Hezbollah as a terrorist organization.
2013 The government of Detroit, with an estimated at $18–20 billion in debt, filed for the largest municipal bankruptcy in US history on July 18, 2013. Detroit was the largest city by population in the U.S. history to file for Chapter 9 bankruptcy, more than twice as large as Stockton, California, which filed in 2012.
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