1189 Henry II of England 's attempt to divide his titles amongst his sons but keep the power associated with them provoked them into trying to take control of the lands assigned to them, supported by their mother. Henry's third son, Richard the Lionheart attacked and defeated his father in early July 1189. The heartbroken Henry died a few days later on July 6, 1189, aged 56. His dying words to Richard were "God grant that I may not die until I have had a fitting revenge on you."
1189 Henry II of England lies entombed in Fontevraud Abbey (see below), near Chinon. He had wished to be interred at Grandmont Abbey in the Limousin, but the hot weather made transporting his body impractical and he was instead buried at the nearby Fontevraud Abbey.
1189 The phrase 'from time immemorial' has specific legal meaning in British law, and begins on July 6, 1189, the day King Richard I ascended to the English throne. The statue of Westminster in 1275 fixed the beginning of the Lion's Heart's reign as the "extent of time memorial", that is to say the time limit for bringing certain types of action.
1253 After continuous warfare with two Christian orders, the Livonian Order and the Teutonic Knights, the Lithuanian lands were united in the 1230s by Mindaugas, the King of Lithuania. The first unified Lithuanian state, the Kingdom of Lithuania, was created on July 6, 1253. Lithuania State Day is a national holiday observed on July 6. On this day, Lithuanians honor the coronation of their first king Mindaugas.
1415 Czech Christian reformer Jan Hus attacked the corruption of the clergy, condemned the sale of indulgences and stressed the importance of Scripture. A safe conduct was issued by Sigismund, the German king and emperor elect to allow Hus to attend the Council of Constance. However Sigismund repudiated his pledge and Hus was arrested and burnt at the stake in Constance on July 6, 1415. He died singing a hymn. Many of Hus' teachings were later taken up by Martin Luther.
1483 Richard III was crowned King of England on July 6, 1483. He was the last king of the House of York and the last of the Plantagenet dynasty. As king he promoted English interests abroad and involved himself in domestic reform. In 1485, Henry Tudor, Earl of Richmond, the head of the rival House of Lancaster, landed at Milford Haven, Wales. Richard hastened to meet him at Bosworth Field. The ensuing battle led to his defeat and death.
1535 The execution of Sir Thomas More took place on July 6, 1535, five days after being found guilty of treason against King Henry VIII of England. Just before Thomas More climbed the scaffold at Tower Hill quipped to the officials, "I pray you master Lieutenant see me safe up, and for coming down, let me shift for myself." He then told the watching crowd, "The king's good servant-but God's first", before reciting Psalm 51. More then embraced his executioner and gave him a piece of gold.
1553 King Edward VI of England died on July 6, 1553 of tuberculosis when he was 15 years old.
Edward's reign is mainly remembered for the changes made to the Church of England while he was king. His Archbishop, Thomas Cranmer, wrote the Book of Common Prayer in English rather than Latin, so the. common person could now understand what was being said. They were intended to be the basis for worship throughout the Anglican Church.
1553 After King Edward VI died of tuberculosis on July 6, 1553, the powerful Duke of Northumberland plotted to exclude the rightful successor to the throne, King Henry VIII's Catholic daughter Princess Mary, and instead installed the devout 15-year-old Protestant Lady Jane Grey. She lasted nine days as Queen before being overthrown by Mary who swiftly ascended the throne on 19th July.
1685 In the early hours of July 6, 1685, King James II’s nephew, The Duke of Monmouth planned an attack on the King’s army camped at Sedgemoor, Somerset. But the weather had been very wet and local rivers and dikes were carrying away much of the excess water. Monmouth’s makeshift army spent too long trying to cross a flooded dike and were discovered. The well-equipped troops of the King routed the rebel force in what was to be the last major battle fought on English soil.
1785 New Orleans businessman Oliver Pollock created the dollar symbol ($) in 1778 by adding a vertical line through a capital "S." Seven years later, the dollar was unanimously chosen as the official currency for the United States on July 6, 1785. In the 1700’s, you could sell a fresh deerskin of a buck for one dollar – hence, the term “buck.”
1854 The Republican Party was founded in March 20, 1854 in a little white schoolhouse in Ripon, Wisconsin. About 50 slavery opponents began the new political group to oppose the Kansas-Nebraska act, which would permit each territory to allow slavery if they wanted to. The name was partly chosen to pay homage to Thomas Jefferson's Republican Party. The first official Republican party convention was held on July 6, 1854, in Jackson, Michigan.
1885 Dr Louis Pasteur had been experimenting with a vaccine made from a weakened strain of rabies virus grown in rabbits developed from dog saliva, After nine-year-old shepherd boy Joseph Meister was bitten by a rabid dog on July 6, 1885, he was taken to Dr. Pasteur's surgery where he became the first person to be vaccinated against rabies. The treatment was successful and the boy did not develop rabies. Within days, Dr Pasteur found his surgery besieged by crowds of dog bite victims.
1893 George V of the United Kingdom had never expected to be king but became heir to the throne when his elder brother, Prince Albert Victor, died from pneumonia. Eighteen months after his brother’s death, George married Albert Victor’s fiancee, Princess Victoria Mary of Teck, known as May. Their marriage took place on July 6, 1893 at the Chapel Royal in St James's Palace, London.
1895 On July 6, 1895, La France created a puzzle that was close to a modern Sudoku. Its instructions read, "Use the numbers 1 to 9 each nine times to complete the grid in such a way that the horizontal, vertical, and two main diagonal lines all add up to the same total." These number puzzles were a feature of French dailies and magazines for a couple of decades, but disappeared about the time of World War I. The modern Sudoku puzzle was invented in Indianapolis, USA in 1979.
1895 The nine-hole Van Cortlandt Golf Course, the oldest public golf course in the USA, opened on July 6, 1895. Within a year, the course became very crowded and disorganized, with crowds behaving poorly. Rules were set in 1896, with golfers paying caddies 15 cents per round or 25 cents per two rounds. The course became 18 holes in 1899.
1902 The youngest saint canonized by the Roman Catholic Church in modern times is Maria Goretti. Born to an Italian farming family, she died July 6, 1902 aged 11, after being stabbed 14 times in an attempted rape. Maria was canonized in 1950 as "virgin and martyr."
1905 Cattle rustler John Walker's fingerprints were the first ones to be exchanged by police officials in Europe and America. Law enforcement units in London and St. Louis, Missouri completed the exchange on July 6, 1905.
1907 The Brooklands motor circuit at Weybridge in Surrey, England was the first purpose-built banked motor race circuit in the world. The first race meeting was held on July 6, 1907, attracting over 10,000 spectators.
1919 The British airship R34 landed in Mineola, Long Island, United States on July 6, 1919 with virtually no fuel left. The flight from Britain took 108 hours. It was the first East-West crossing of the Atlantic and was achieved weeks after the first transatlantic aeroplane flight.
1921 In March 1921, Mongolia proclaimed itself an independent monarchy, ruled by Russian anti-Bolshevik military officer Roman von Ungern-Sternberg as a dictator. Four months later, on July 6, 1921 Russian and Mongolian troops arrived in Ulan Bator and Ungern was captured by the Soviet detachment and sentenced to execution by firing squad. Mongolia was closely aligned with the Communist Soviet Union over the next seven decades.
1935 The Dalai Lama is a religious figure in Tibetan Buddhism. He is its highest spiritual teacher of the Gelugpa School. The current Dalai Lama was born Lhamo Dondup on July 6, 1935 on a straw mat in a cowshed to a farming and horse trading family. His Holiness Tenzin Gyatso, was formally enthroned as Dalai Lama in November 1950, during the Chinese invasion of Tibet. In 1959, the Dalai Lama had to flee from Tibet to Dharamsala, India. This is still his base today.
1946 George Walker Bush, the 43rd President of the United States, was born on July 6, 1946, at Grace-New Haven Hospital (now Yale–New Haven Hospital) in New Haven, Connecticut. Both George W Bush and his father George H W Bush have ‘Walker’ as a middle name. George W Bush graduated from Yale University with a degree in history, and then earned an MBA from Harvard University. He is the only president to have a Master of Business Administration (MBA) degree.
1946 The actor Sylvester Stallone was born on July 6, 1946 in New York City, the son of hairdresser Frank Stallone, Sr and dancer Jackie Stallone. The lower left side of Sylvester Stallone's face has been paralyzed from birth resulting in his slurred speech. It was the result of a doctor misusing tongs during his birth, severing the nerves in the newborn's lower left cheek. He made his screen debut in Woody Allen's 1971 comedy Bananas played a thug who intimidates Allen on a subway train.
1957 On July 6, 1957 16-year-old John Lennon met 15-year-old Paul McCartney at a St Peter’s Parish Church Fête in Woolton, Liverpool. Lennon's band, The Quarrymen were performing at the do whilst Paul, who was baptized a Roman Catholic but was being raised inter-denominationally attended the function. Impressed by Paul's ability to tune a guitar and by his knowledge of song lyrics, John asked him to join his band as lead guitarist giving birth to The Beatles.
1957 A year after Althea Gibson became the first African American to win a Grand Slam title (the French Championships), she won the Wimbledon championships on July 6, 1957, becoming the first black athlete to do so. One of the first Black athletes to cross the color line of international tennis, Gibson also became the first Black player to compete on the Women's Professional Golf Tour in the early 1960s.
1962 The Late Late Show, Europe's longest-running chat show, was first broadcast by Raidió Teilifís Éireann (RTÉ) in Ireland on Friday, July 6, 1962 at 23.20. It is the world's second longest-running late-night talk show, after the American The Tonight Show.
1964 The British protectorate of Nyasaland was established in 1907 when the former British Central Africa Protectorate changed its name. In 1953 Nyasaland became part of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland. After the Federation was dissolved, Nyasaland became independent from Britain on July 6, 1964 and renamed Malawi. Its name comes from the Maravi, an old name of the Nyanja people that inhabit the area.
1966 After gaining independence from British colonial rule in 1964, Malawi initially retained its status as a constitutional monarchy with Queen Elizabeth II as the head of state. However, on July 6, 1966, Malawi officially became a republic, and Dr. Hastings Banda, who had been serving as Prime Minister since 1964, became the country's first president. Dr. Hastings Banda remained in power as the president of Malawi until 1994.
1189 Henry II of England lies entombed in Fontevraud Abbey (see below), near Chinon. He had wished to be interred at Grandmont Abbey in the Limousin, but the hot weather made transporting his body impractical and he was instead buried at the nearby Fontevraud Abbey.
1189 The phrase 'from time immemorial' has specific legal meaning in British law, and begins on July 6, 1189, the day King Richard I ascended to the English throne. The statue of Westminster in 1275 fixed the beginning of the Lion's Heart's reign as the "extent of time memorial", that is to say the time limit for bringing certain types of action.
1253 After continuous warfare with two Christian orders, the Livonian Order and the Teutonic Knights, the Lithuanian lands were united in the 1230s by Mindaugas, the King of Lithuania. The first unified Lithuanian state, the Kingdom of Lithuania, was created on July 6, 1253. Lithuania State Day is a national holiday observed on July 6. On this day, Lithuanians honor the coronation of their first king Mindaugas.
1415 Czech Christian reformer Jan Hus attacked the corruption of the clergy, condemned the sale of indulgences and stressed the importance of Scripture. A safe conduct was issued by Sigismund, the German king and emperor elect to allow Hus to attend the Council of Constance. However Sigismund repudiated his pledge and Hus was arrested and burnt at the stake in Constance on July 6, 1415. He died singing a hymn. Many of Hus' teachings were later taken up by Martin Luther.
 |
| Jan Hus at the stake, Jena codex (c. 1500) |
1483 Richard III was crowned King of England on July 6, 1483. He was the last king of the House of York and the last of the Plantagenet dynasty. As king he promoted English interests abroad and involved himself in domestic reform. In 1485, Henry Tudor, Earl of Richmond, the head of the rival House of Lancaster, landed at Milford Haven, Wales. Richard hastened to meet him at Bosworth Field. The ensuing battle led to his defeat and death.
1535 The execution of Sir Thomas More took place on July 6, 1535, five days after being found guilty of treason against King Henry VIII of England. Just before Thomas More climbed the scaffold at Tower Hill quipped to the officials, "I pray you master Lieutenant see me safe up, and for coming down, let me shift for myself." He then told the watching crowd, "The king's good servant-but God's first", before reciting Psalm 51. More then embraced his executioner and gave him a piece of gold.
1553 King Edward VI of England died on July 6, 1553 of tuberculosis when he was 15 years old.
Edward's reign is mainly remembered for the changes made to the Church of England while he was king. His Archbishop, Thomas Cranmer, wrote the Book of Common Prayer in English rather than Latin, so the. common person could now understand what was being said. They were intended to be the basis for worship throughout the Anglican Church.
 |
| Portrait of King Edward VI of England |
1553 After King Edward VI died of tuberculosis on July 6, 1553, the powerful Duke of Northumberland plotted to exclude the rightful successor to the throne, King Henry VIII's Catholic daughter Princess Mary, and instead installed the devout 15-year-old Protestant Lady Jane Grey. She lasted nine days as Queen before being overthrown by Mary who swiftly ascended the throne on 19th July.
1685 In the early hours of July 6, 1685, King James II’s nephew, The Duke of Monmouth planned an attack on the King’s army camped at Sedgemoor, Somerset. But the weather had been very wet and local rivers and dikes were carrying away much of the excess water. Monmouth’s makeshift army spent too long trying to cross a flooded dike and were discovered. The well-equipped troops of the King routed the rebel force in what was to be the last major battle fought on English soil.
 |
| James Scott, the rebel commander |
1785 New Orleans businessman Oliver Pollock created the dollar symbol ($) in 1778 by adding a vertical line through a capital "S." Seven years later, the dollar was unanimously chosen as the official currency for the United States on July 6, 1785. In the 1700’s, you could sell a fresh deerskin of a buck for one dollar – hence, the term “buck.”
1854 The Republican Party was founded in March 20, 1854 in a little white schoolhouse in Ripon, Wisconsin. About 50 slavery opponents began the new political group to oppose the Kansas-Nebraska act, which would permit each territory to allow slavery if they wanted to. The name was partly chosen to pay homage to Thomas Jefferson's Republican Party. The first official Republican party convention was held on July 6, 1854, in Jackson, Michigan.
1885 Dr Louis Pasteur had been experimenting with a vaccine made from a weakened strain of rabies virus grown in rabbits developed from dog saliva, After nine-year-old shepherd boy Joseph Meister was bitten by a rabid dog on July 6, 1885, he was taken to Dr. Pasteur's surgery where he became the first person to be vaccinated against rabies. The treatment was successful and the boy did not develop rabies. Within days, Dr Pasteur found his surgery besieged by crowds of dog bite victims.
 |
| Joseph Meister |
1893 George V of the United Kingdom had never expected to be king but became heir to the throne when his elder brother, Prince Albert Victor, died from pneumonia. Eighteen months after his brother’s death, George married Albert Victor’s fiancee, Princess Victoria Mary of Teck, known as May. Their marriage took place on July 6, 1893 at the Chapel Royal in St James's Palace, London.
1895 On July 6, 1895, La France created a puzzle that was close to a modern Sudoku. Its instructions read, "Use the numbers 1 to 9 each nine times to complete the grid in such a way that the horizontal, vertical, and two main diagonal lines all add up to the same total." These number puzzles were a feature of French dailies and magazines for a couple of decades, but disappeared about the time of World War I. The modern Sudoku puzzle was invented in Indianapolis, USA in 1979.
 |
| From La France newspaper, July 6, 1895: |
1895 The nine-hole Van Cortlandt Golf Course, the oldest public golf course in the USA, opened on July 6, 1895. Within a year, the course became very crowded and disorganized, with crowds behaving poorly. Rules were set in 1896, with golfers paying caddies 15 cents per round or 25 cents per two rounds. The course became 18 holes in 1899.
1902 The youngest saint canonized by the Roman Catholic Church in modern times is Maria Goretti. Born to an Italian farming family, she died July 6, 1902 aged 11, after being stabbed 14 times in an attempted rape. Maria was canonized in 1950 as "virgin and martyr."
 |
| The only known photograph of Maria Goretti (1902) |
1905 Cattle rustler John Walker's fingerprints were the first ones to be exchanged by police officials in Europe and America. Law enforcement units in London and St. Louis, Missouri completed the exchange on July 6, 1905.
1907 The Brooklands motor circuit at Weybridge in Surrey, England was the first purpose-built banked motor race circuit in the world. The first race meeting was held on July 6, 1907, attracting over 10,000 spectators.
1919 The British airship R34 landed in Mineola, Long Island, United States on July 6, 1919 with virtually no fuel left. The flight from Britain took 108 hours. It was the first East-West crossing of the Atlantic and was achieved weeks after the first transatlantic aeroplane flight.
1921 In March 1921, Mongolia proclaimed itself an independent monarchy, ruled by Russian anti-Bolshevik military officer Roman von Ungern-Sternberg as a dictator. Four months later, on July 6, 1921 Russian and Mongolian troops arrived in Ulan Bator and Ungern was captured by the Soviet detachment and sentenced to execution by firing squad. Mongolia was closely aligned with the Communist Soviet Union over the next seven decades.
1946 George Walker Bush, the 43rd President of the United States, was born on July 6, 1946, at Grace-New Haven Hospital (now Yale–New Haven Hospital) in New Haven, Connecticut. Both George W Bush and his father George H W Bush have ‘Walker’ as a middle name. George W Bush graduated from Yale University with a degree in history, and then earned an MBA from Harvard University. He is the only president to have a Master of Business Administration (MBA) degree.
 |
| George W. Bush with his parents, Barbara and George H. W. Bush, c.1947 |
1946 The actor Sylvester Stallone was born on July 6, 1946 in New York City, the son of hairdresser Frank Stallone, Sr and dancer Jackie Stallone. The lower left side of Sylvester Stallone's face has been paralyzed from birth resulting in his slurred speech. It was the result of a doctor misusing tongs during his birth, severing the nerves in the newborn's lower left cheek. He made his screen debut in Woody Allen's 1971 comedy Bananas played a thug who intimidates Allen on a subway train.
1957 On July 6, 1957 16-year-old John Lennon met 15-year-old Paul McCartney at a St Peter’s Parish Church Fête in Woolton, Liverpool. Lennon's band, The Quarrymen were performing at the do whilst Paul, who was baptized a Roman Catholic but was being raised inter-denominationally attended the function. Impressed by Paul's ability to tune a guitar and by his knowledge of song lyrics, John asked him to join his band as lead guitarist giving birth to The Beatles.
1957 A year after Althea Gibson became the first African American to win a Grand Slam title (the French Championships), she won the Wimbledon championships on July 6, 1957, becoming the first black athlete to do so. One of the first Black athletes to cross the color line of international tennis, Gibson also became the first Black player to compete on the Women's Professional Golf Tour in the early 1960s.
1962 The Late Late Show, Europe's longest-running chat show, was first broadcast by Raidió Teilifís Éireann (RTÉ) in Ireland on Friday, July 6, 1962 at 23.20. It is the world's second longest-running late-night talk show, after the American The Tonight Show.
1964 The British protectorate of Nyasaland was established in 1907 when the former British Central Africa Protectorate changed its name. In 1953 Nyasaland became part of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland. After the Federation was dissolved, Nyasaland became independent from Britain on July 6, 1964 and renamed Malawi. Its name comes from the Maravi, an old name of the Nyanja people that inhabit the area.
1966 After gaining independence from British colonial rule in 1964, Malawi initially retained its status as a constitutional monarchy with Queen Elizabeth II as the head of state. However, on July 6, 1966, Malawi officially became a republic, and Dr. Hastings Banda, who had been serving as Prime Minister since 1964, became the country's first president. Dr. Hastings Banda remained in power as the president of Malawi until 1994.
1967 The Nigerian Civil War started when government troops attacked Biafra on July 6, 1967 at Garkem. The conflict was caused by the attempted secession of the southeastern provinces of Nigeria as the self-proclaimed Republic of Biafra by the Christian Igbo people. The conflict, with a long siege of Biafra and its isolation from trade and supplies, ended on January 15, 1970. It was the first modern war between black Africans and left the Nigerian economy greatly weakened.
1971 Jazz singer and trumpet player Louis Armstrong died of a heart attack in his sleep on July 6, 1971, a month before his 70th birthday. Armstrong's intuitive genius for improvisation single-handedly shaped the course of jazz, transforming it from an ensemble style to an art of solo improvisation.
1976 The US Naval Academy admitted women for the first time in its history with the induction of 81 female midshipmen. The women were part of the Class of 1980, and they faced a lot of challenges as the first women to attend the academy. However, they persevered and graduated with their male classmates in 1980.
2016 Pokémon Go is a free-to-play, location-based augmented reality game developed by Niantic for iOS and Android devices. Following the release of Pokémon Go on July 6, 2016, Nintendo's share price rose by 50%. Pokémon Go earned an estimated $200 million in its first month for Nintendo and developer Niantic. By September 2016, Pokémon Go had been downloaded over 500 million times worldwide, and became the fastest game to make over $500 million in revenue.
2016 South African Paralympic athlete Oscar Pistorius fatally shot his girlfriend, model Reeva Steenkamp, in his Pretoria home in 2013. He claimed he had mistaken Steenkamp for an intruder hiding in the bathroom, but he was arrested and charged with murder. Pistorius received a five-year prison sentence for culpable homicide. The Appeal Court overturned the culpable homicide verdict and on July 6, 2016 Pistorius was sentenced to six years imprisonment for murder.
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