1533 Conquistador Francisco Pizarro executed the last independent Inca Emperor Atahualpa on July 26, 1533 during the Spanish conquest of the Empire. The event took place in the city of Cajamarca, which is located in present-day Peru.
1581 The Netherlands became part of Spain in 1477 but the Dutch were was sentenced to death by the Spanish Inquisition in 1568 after many of them became Protestant. The seven northern provinces of the Low Countries got together in 1579 to rebel against the Spanish beginning The Eighty Years War. Two years later, the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands declared its independence from King Philip II of Spain on July 26, 1581 with the Act of Abjuration.
1745 The first recorded women's cricket game took place in England on July 26, 1745. The match was between the villages of Bramley and Hambledon near Guildford in Surrey with the Hambledon ladies winning by 8 runs. According to a contemporary report in the Reading Mercury, "The girls bowled, batted, ran and catches as well as most men could do in that game."
1775 Benjamin Franklin laid the framework that would set up the American postal system. He was appointed postmaster of Philadelphia in 1737 and then joint postmaster general of the colonies, during which he invested nearly 40 years in establishing a reliable system of private communications in the colonies. The U.S. postal system was established by the 2nd Continental Congress on July 26, 1775, with Benjamin Franklin as postmaster general.
1776 The Virginia Gazette was the first American newspaper to publish the complete full text of the United States Declaration of Independence, printing it on July 26, 1776. The Declaration of Independence was a document that declared the thirteen American colonies to be free and independent states. It was written by Thomas Jefferson and adopted by the Second Continental Congress on July 4, 1776.
1788 New York was originally New Netherland, founded by the Dutch Empire in the early 17th century The British annexed the colony from the Dutch in 1664. The state was named for the 17th century Duke of York, future King James II of England. On July 26, 1788, New York ratified the United States Constitution and became the 11th state of the United States.
1797 While serving abroad, John Quincy Adams married Louisa Catherine Johnson, the daughter of a poor American merchant, in a ceremony at the church of All Hallows-by-the-Tower, London on July 26, 1797. Adams remains the only president to have married a First Lady born outside of the United States.
1803 The Surrey Iron Railway, arguably the world's first public railway, opened in south London, England on July 26, 1803. It was a toll railway on which carriers used horse traction travelling between Wandsworth and Croydon via Mitcham. The chief goods transported were building materials, coal, corn, lime, manure and seeds.
1847 In 1820 the first 86 African American immigrants established a settlement in Africa. The settlement was named Liberia, which is "Land of the Free" in Latin, because it was founded by freed American slaves. The Republic of Liberia, declared its independence on July 26, 1847. Liberia is the only African republic to have self-proclaimed independence without gaining independence through revolt from any other nation, being Africa's first and oldest republic.
1856 George Bernard Shaw was an Irish playwright and critic who had a major influence on Western theater, culture and politics. He was born July 26, 1856 at 3 Upper Synge Street in Portobello, Dublin to retail corn merchant George Carr Shaw and Lucinda Elizabeth (Bessie) Shaw. George attended four schools in Dublin, all of which he hated. He was lazy in class and disliked games, but the Irish youngster was an early reader, (Shaw was reading Shakespeare before he was 10).
1895 Marie Sklodowska married fellow scientist Pierre Curie in a civil ceremony in Sceaux, France on July 26, 1895. as "Pierre belonged to no religion and I did not practice any" (she later wrote). Instead of a bridal gown, Marie chose a dark blue dress. The Curies spent their honeymoon taking a bicycle tour around the French countryside. The couples had two daughters and shared the 1903 Nobel Prize in Physics for their pioneering research on radioactivity.
1581 The Netherlands became part of Spain in 1477 but the Dutch were was sentenced to death by the Spanish Inquisition in 1568 after many of them became Protestant. The seven northern provinces of the Low Countries got together in 1579 to rebel against the Spanish beginning The Eighty Years War. Two years later, the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands declared its independence from King Philip II of Spain on July 26, 1581 with the Act of Abjuration.
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| The signing of the Act in a 19th-century painting |
1745 The first recorded women's cricket game took place in England on July 26, 1745. The match was between the villages of Bramley and Hambledon near Guildford in Surrey with the Hambledon ladies winning by 8 runs. According to a contemporary report in the Reading Mercury, "The girls bowled, batted, ran and catches as well as most men could do in that game."
1775 Benjamin Franklin laid the framework that would set up the American postal system. He was appointed postmaster of Philadelphia in 1737 and then joint postmaster general of the colonies, during which he invested nearly 40 years in establishing a reliable system of private communications in the colonies. The U.S. postal system was established by the 2nd Continental Congress on July 26, 1775, with Benjamin Franklin as postmaster general.
1776 The Virginia Gazette was the first American newspaper to publish the complete full text of the United States Declaration of Independence, printing it on July 26, 1776. The Declaration of Independence was a document that declared the thirteen American colonies to be free and independent states. It was written by Thomas Jefferson and adopted by the Second Continental Congress on July 4, 1776.
1788 New York was originally New Netherland, founded by the Dutch Empire in the early 17th century The British annexed the colony from the Dutch in 1664. The state was named for the 17th century Duke of York, future King James II of England. On July 26, 1788, New York ratified the United States Constitution and became the 11th state of the United States.
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| 1800 map of New York from Low's Encyclopaedia By DigbyDalton |
1797 While serving abroad, John Quincy Adams married Louisa Catherine Johnson, the daughter of a poor American merchant, in a ceremony at the church of All Hallows-by-the-Tower, London on July 26, 1797. Adams remains the only president to have married a First Lady born outside of the United States.
1803 The Surrey Iron Railway, arguably the world's first public railway, opened in south London, England on July 26, 1803. It was a toll railway on which carriers used horse traction travelling between Wandsworth and Croydon via Mitcham. The chief goods transported were building materials, coal, corn, lime, manure and seeds.
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| Watercolour showing the Surrey Iron Railway passing Chipstead Valley Road |
1817 The Serbian Despotate, a successor of the Serbian Empire was conquered by the Ottomans in 1459. There were two Serbian uprising against the Ottoman Empire and the second, led by Milosh Obrenovich, forced the Turks to recognize Serbia as an autonomous principality under Obrenovich on July 26, 1817. The Principality of Serbia was ruled by the House of Obrenović throughout the remainder of the 19th century, save for the rule of Prince Aleksandar Karađorđević between 1842 and 1858.
1856 George Bernard Shaw was an Irish playwright and critic who had a major influence on Western theater, culture and politics. He was born July 26, 1856 at 3 Upper Synge Street in Portobello, Dublin to retail corn merchant George Carr Shaw and Lucinda Elizabeth (Bessie) Shaw. George attended four schools in Dublin, all of which he hated. He was lazy in class and disliked games, but the Irish youngster was an early reader, (Shaw was reading Shakespeare before he was 10).
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| Shaw's birthplace By J.-H. Janßen |
1895 Marie Sklodowska married fellow scientist Pierre Curie in a civil ceremony in Sceaux, France on July 26, 1895. as "Pierre belonged to no religion and I did not practice any" (she later wrote). Instead of a bridal gown, Marie chose a dark blue dress. The Curies spent their honeymoon taking a bicycle tour around the French countryside. The couples had two daughters and shared the 1903 Nobel Prize in Physics for their pioneering research on radioactivity.
1903 In 1903, Horatio Nelson Jackson and his backup driver Sewall K. Crocker made the first documented journey by automobile from San Francisco to New York using only a connection of dirt roads, cow paths, and railroad beds. They arrived in New York City on July 26, 1903, 63 days, 12 hours, and 30 minutes after leaving San Francisco. The journey became a national sensation, and created a demand for long distance roads.
1908 The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) an agency of the United States Government, serves as both a federal criminal investigative organization and an internal intelligence agency. The bureau was established on July 26, 1908 as the Bureau of Investigation (BOI) b y Charles Joseph Bonaparte, a grandnephew of Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte, who was the US Attorney General at the time. Its name was changed to the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) in 1935.
1930 In 1928, Douglas Bader joined the RAF as an officer cadet at the Royal Air Force College Cranwell in rural Lincolnshire. He came 19th out of 21 in his class examinations. Bader was commissioned on July 26, 1930 as a pilot officer into No. 23 Squadron RAF based at Kenley, Surrey. Despite losing both legs in a stunt accident in 1931 he won 227 victories as a fighter period in World War II.
1942 American author Paulette Cooper was born July 26, 1942. Her 1971 book, The Scandal of Scientology, resulted in series of lawsuits against her by The Church of Scientology. As she continued to investigate the movement, Cooper became the target of harassment campaigns, which included an attempt to get her committed to a psychiatric ward, subscribing her to pornographic mail lists, and faking bomb threats with her stationary and fingerprints.
1943 The first case of eye-irritating "smog" in Los Angeles was reported on July 26, 1943. It reduced visibility to less than three blocks. Originally, a chemical plant was suspected as the cause of the brown hue in the skies and it took a few years for scientists to work out that cars were the culprit.
The name smog was used to refer to the condition of the air that led to a smoky fog.
1945 The Labour Party won the United Kingdom 1945 General Election by a landslide, removing Winston Churchill from power. The results were counted and declared on July 26, 1945. When his wife commented it could be a blessing in disguise losing the election, Churchill commented it seemed quite effectively disguised.
1948 The legendary baseball player Babe Ruth was seen by the public for the last time on July 26, 1948 when he attended the New York City premiere of the motion picture, The Babe Ruth Story. He died of cancer three weeks later aged 53.
1930 In 1928, Douglas Bader joined the RAF as an officer cadet at the Royal Air Force College Cranwell in rural Lincolnshire. He came 19th out of 21 in his class examinations. Bader was commissioned on July 26, 1930 as a pilot officer into No. 23 Squadron RAF based at Kenley, Surrey. Despite losing both legs in a stunt accident in 1931 he won 227 victories as a fighter period in World War II.
1942 American author Paulette Cooper was born July 26, 1942. Her 1971 book, The Scandal of Scientology, resulted in series of lawsuits against her by The Church of Scientology. As she continued to investigate the movement, Cooper became the target of harassment campaigns, which included an attempt to get her committed to a psychiatric ward, subscribing her to pornographic mail lists, and faking bomb threats with her stationary and fingerprints.
1943 The first case of eye-irritating "smog" in Los Angeles was reported on July 26, 1943. It reduced visibility to less than three blocks. Originally, a chemical plant was suspected as the cause of the brown hue in the skies and it took a few years for scientists to work out that cars were the culprit.
The name smog was used to refer to the condition of the air that led to a smoky fog.
1945 The Labour Party won the United Kingdom 1945 General Election by a landslide, removing Winston Churchill from power. The results were counted and declared on July 26, 1945. When his wife commented it could be a blessing in disguise losing the election, Churchill commented it seemed quite effectively disguised.
1948 The legendary baseball player Babe Ruth was seen by the public for the last time on July 26, 1948 when he attended the New York City premiere of the motion picture, The Babe Ruth Story. He died of cancer three weeks later aged 53.
1951 Walt Disney's animated film, Alice in Wonderland, premiered in London on July 26, 1951. Walt Disney first had the idea of a film adaptation of the original Alice novel over 20 years earlier. There were "storyboards and sketches" about it but the project was shelved in 1931. When Walt Disney returned to the concept following World War II, his original idea was to combine live-action and animation. He had dropped the live-action idea by 1946.
1953 Fidel Castro and his brother Raúl led a group of approximately 160 rebels on July 26, 1953 in an unsuccessful attack on the Moncada Barracks, thus beginning the Cuban Revolution. Five-and-a-half years later Castro, wearing army fatigues, was sworn in as prime minister of Cuba after dictator Fulgencio Batista fled the island. He accepted the position on the condition that the Prime Minister’s powers be increased.
1956 Following the World Bank's refusal to fund building the Aswan Dam in 1956, Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser ordered the raiding of the Suez Canal Company's offices on July 26, 1956, the first step to its nationalization. Five months later, Britain, France, and Israel invaded Egypt to get back the Suez Canal. Despite being a military success and having minor losses, the Suez Crisis had so much political fallout that most historians consider it the end of Britain as a superpower.
1959 On July 26, 1959, Lt. Col William Rankin was on a high-altitude flight along the Carolina Coast with his wingman, Navy Lt. Herbert Nolan when he was forced to eject from his F-8 Crusader at 40,000 feet, into a thunderstorm. Rankin encountered very low temperatures, frostbite, massive wind and lightning, severe decompression, and nearly drowned from breathing in rain water, but survived. Overall, he was in the cloud for more than 40 minutes.
1984 Serial killer Edward Gein died on July 26, 1984. The crimes he committed around his hometown of Plainfield, Wisconsin, gathered widespread notoriety after authorities discovered that he had exhumed corpses from local graveyards and fashioned trophies and keepsakes from their bones and skin. The movie characters Norman Bates (Psycho), Leatherface (The Texas Chain Saw Massacre) and Buffalo Bill (The Silence of the Lambs) were all based on Glen.
2005 Mumbai received 99.5 centimeters (39.17 inches) of rain within 24 hours on July 26, 2005. This was the heaviest rainfall ever recorded in the city, and it caused widespread flooding and devastation. Over 5,000 people were killed, and millions were left homeless. The floods also caused billions of dollars in damage.
2016 Solar Impulse 2 became on July 26, 2016 the first solar-powered aircraft to circumnavigate the Earth, completing a 16-month voyage. Solar Impulse 2 is a solar-powered aircraft that was designed and built by the Swiss team Solar Impulse. The aircraft has a wingspan of 72 meters (236 feet) and weighs just 2,300 kilograms (5,070 pounds). It is powered by 17,248 solar cells that generate electricity to power the aircraft's four motors.
2016 On July 26, 2016, Hillary Clinton became the first female Presidential nominee of a major US party at the Democratic National Convention in Philadelphia. Despite winning a plurality of the national popular vote, Clinton lost the Electoral College and the presidency to her Republican opponent Donald Trump.
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