1269 Anti-Semitism was rampant in Europe in the Middle Ages because of the Crusades and later the Inquisition. During periods Jews were ordered to wear yellow badges in public by the ruling Christians and Muslims. The badges served to mark the wearer as a religious or ethnic outsider, and often served as a badge of shame. King Louis IX of France ordered on June 19, 1269 all Jews found in public without an identifying yellow badge to be fined ten livres of silver.
1306 After the defeat of the Scots at the Battle of Methven on June 19, 1306, Robert the Bruce sent his wife Elizabeth de Burgh under the protection of his brother Niall. She was taken from the sanctuary of St. Duthac at Tain by the Earl of Ross and dispatched to King Edward I of England. Elizabeth was held under severe conditions of house arrest in England for eight years. She was returned to Scotland in a prisoner exchange after the Battle of Bannockburn.
1566 James VI and I of the UK was born on June 19, 1566. He was the eldest son of Mary Queen of Scots and Lord Darnley. He became King of Scotland at 13 months old when his mother was forced to abdicate the throne. James was seen as the most likely heir to the English throne through his great-grandmother Margaret Tudor, who was Henry VIII's oldest sister. Following the death of Queen Elizabeth I, the last of Henry VIII's descendants, he became James I of the UK in March 1603.
1623 French mathematician and physicist Blaise Pascal was born on June 19, 1623 in Clermont-Ferrand, which is in France's Auvergne region. His father, Étienne Pascal, was a local judge, who also had an interest in science and mathematics. Beginning in 1631, Blaise's father devoted himself entirely to the education of his son, who showed extraordinary mental and intellectual abilities, occasionally taking him along to the Academy of Science meetings.
1783 German pharmacist Frederick Sertürner was born on June 19, 1783. In December 1804 Sertürner isolated the alkaloid compound morphine from unripe poppy blossoms. As he found it gave relief from severe pain, and relaxed the patient by making him drowsy, he named the drug after Morpheus, the Greek god of dreams. Morphine was the first ever alkaloid to be isolated from any plant.
1834 Charles Spurgeon, the "Prince of Preachers," was born on June 19, 1834, in Kelvedon, in the English county of Essex. His father and grandfather were both independent ministers. In 1854, three months before his 20th birthday, Spurgeon was appointed Baptist pastor at New Park Street Chapel, in Southwark, London. Spurgeon quickly gained fame for his directness in preaching, which seemed to some to border on irreverence. But the power of his sermons led to many conversions.
1843 At the age of 17 Karl Marx fell in love with the gifted and beautiful Jenny Von Westplalen, a childhood friend and the daughter of an official in Prussian administration at Trier. Marx and Jenny married on June 19, 1843 in the Kreuznacher Pauluskirche (the Kreuznach church of Saint Paul), Bad Kreuznach, in spite of both families misgivings. Asked later in her life if her marriage had been happy when they were poor, Jenny wistfully replied "yes we were happy enough, but I wish dear Karl could have spent some time acquiring capital instead of writing about it."
1846 The "father of modern baseball," Alexander Cartwright, organized the Knickerbocker Baseball Club of New York City in 1845 and the rules Cartwright set up for his team were widely adopted by other clubs and formed the basis of modern baseball. It is widely thought that the first competitive game under the new rules was played at Elysian Fields in Hoboken, New Jersey on June 19, 1846 with Cartwright umpiring. The New York Base Ball Club defeated the Knickerbockers 23-1.
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| 16th-century watercolour of a Jew |
1306 After the defeat of the Scots at the Battle of Methven on June 19, 1306, Robert the Bruce sent his wife Elizabeth de Burgh under the protection of his brother Niall. She was taken from the sanctuary of St. Duthac at Tain by the Earl of Ross and dispatched to King Edward I of England. Elizabeth was held under severe conditions of house arrest in England for eight years. She was returned to Scotland in a prisoner exchange after the Battle of Bannockburn.
1623 French mathematician and physicist Blaise Pascal was born on June 19, 1623 in Clermont-Ferrand, which is in France's Auvergne region. His father, Étienne Pascal, was a local judge, who also had an interest in science and mathematics. Beginning in 1631, Blaise's father devoted himself entirely to the education of his son, who showed extraordinary mental and intellectual abilities, occasionally taking him along to the Academy of Science meetings.
1783 German pharmacist Frederick Sertürner was born on June 19, 1783. In December 1804 Sertürner isolated the alkaloid compound morphine from unripe poppy blossoms. As he found it gave relief from severe pain, and relaxed the patient by making him drowsy, he named the drug after Morpheus, the Greek god of dreams. Morphine was the first ever alkaloid to be isolated from any plant.
1834 Charles Spurgeon, the "Prince of Preachers," was born on June 19, 1834, in Kelvedon, in the English county of Essex. His father and grandfather were both independent ministers. In 1854, three months before his 20th birthday, Spurgeon was appointed Baptist pastor at New Park Street Chapel, in Southwark, London. Spurgeon quickly gained fame for his directness in preaching, which seemed to some to border on irreverence. But the power of his sermons led to many conversions.
1843 At the age of 17 Karl Marx fell in love with the gifted and beautiful Jenny Von Westplalen, a childhood friend and the daughter of an official in Prussian administration at Trier. Marx and Jenny married on June 19, 1843 in the Kreuznacher Pauluskirche (the Kreuznach church of Saint Paul), Bad Kreuznach, in spite of both families misgivings. Asked later in her life if her marriage had been happy when they were poor, Jenny wistfully replied "yes we were happy enough, but I wish dear Karl could have spent some time acquiring capital instead of writing about it."
1846 The "father of modern baseball," Alexander Cartwright, organized the Knickerbocker Baseball Club of New York City in 1845 and the rules Cartwright set up for his team were widely adopted by other clubs and formed the basis of modern baseball. It is widely thought that the first competitive game under the new rules was played at Elysian Fields in Hoboken, New Jersey on June 19, 1846 with Cartwright umpiring. The New York Base Ball Club defeated the Knickerbockers 23-1.
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| Early baseball game played at Elysian Fields in Hoboken, New Jersey |
1865 June 19th, known as Juneteenth, is an annual celebration observed by African-Americans in the United States. It commemorates the day in 1865 when Union General Gordon Granger arrived in Galveston, Texas, and announced that enslaved African-Americans were to be freed and that the Civil War had ended. This occurred more than two years after the Emancipation Proclamation was issued by President Abraham Lincoln.
1907 Swiss electrical engineer George de Mestral was born on June 19, 1907. He invented Velcro after being inspired by the adhesiveness of the burdock burrs that had got attached to his socks, jacket and his dog's fur following a walk in the Alps. Velcro was trademarked by de Mestral. from the first syllables of the French words 'velours' (the French for loops, in clothing) and 'crochets' (hooks, on the burs).
1910 The idea for a father's day originated when Sonora Dodd of Spokane, Washington, heard a sermon on Mother's Day in 1909 and was inspired to create a date to honor fathers like her own, a Civil War veteran. Through her efforts, the first Father's Day was celebrated in Spokane on June 19, 1910. President Lyndon B. Johnson issued the first presidential proclamation honoring fathers, designating the third Sunday in June as Father's Day in 1966.
1937 Peter Pan author J. M. Barrie died of pneumonia on June 19, 1937. He is buried at Kirriemuir next to his parents and two of his siblings. Eight years earlier, James Barrie signed over the rights of Peter Pan to the Great Ormond Street Children's Hospital in London. Since that time, Great Ormond has received a royalty from every production of Peter Pan that hits the stage, in addition to sales of the book and all related products.
1946 The current form of the Italian flag has been in use since June 19, 1946. The flag of Italy is often referred to in Italy as il Tricolore because of its three colors. Green represents hope, white represents faith, and red represents charity.
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| Italian flag |
1949 The first motor race in the NASCAR "strictly stock" division was held on June 19, 1949 at a 3/4 mile dirt track called Charlotte Speedway. Jim Roper won that very first race. This division grew to become the Sprint Cup series that we know today.
1953 When Julius & Ethel Rosenberg were killed by electric chair on June 19, 1953, they were the first husband-and-wife team to be executed in the US. The couple was arrested in 1950 and charged with conspiring to commit espionage. They were accused of being part of a Soviet spy ring that aimed to provide the Soviet Union with sensitive information about nuclear weapons technology.
1961 On June 19, 1961 Kuwait became independent with the end of the British protectorate and the sheikh Abdullah Al-Salim Al-Sabah became Emir of Kuwait. Kuwait held its first parliamentary elections in 1963. It was the first Gulf country to establish a constitution and parliament. That same year Kuwait changed its National Day from June 19th to February 25th to avoid the hot weather of June. February 25 was the anniversary of Sheikh Abdullah becoming Emir of Kuwait in 1950.
1970 The Patent Cooperation Treaty, an international law treaty, was signed on June 19, 1970. It provides a unified procedure for filing patent applications to protect inventions in each of its contracting states. There are currently 153 contracting states to the PCT, including the United States, the European Union, and China.
1978 On June 19, 1978 English all rounder Ian Botham became the first cricketer in history to score a century and take eight wickets in one Test match innings - against Pakistan at Lords. Botham's performance was especially remarkable because it came at a time when England were struggling to compete against Pakistan. The tourists had won the first Test of the series, and they were looking to take a 2-0 lead at Lord's.
1978 Garfield, holder of the Guinness World Record for the world's most widely syndicated comic strip, made its debut on June 19, 1978. When the Garfield cartoon strip first appeared, it was published in 41 US newspapers. It now appears in 2,580 papers and journals worldwide and is the world’s most syndicated comic strip. Jim Davis, creator of Garfield, named the cat after his grandfather, James Garfield Davis.
2006 The ceremonial "first stone" of the Svalbard Global Seed Vault, a facility established to preserve a wide variety of plant seeds from locations worldwide in an underground cavern in Spitsbergen, Norway, was laid on June 19, 2006. There arctic vault stores over 860,000 different varieties of food crop seeds as an insurance policy for the world’s food supply.
2006 After performing at Nashville's songwriters' venue, The Bluebird Café, Taylor Swift caught the attention of Scott Borchetta, who signed her to his newly formed record label, Big Machine Records. She released her debut single, "Tim McGraw," on June 19, 2006. The song reached #40 on the Hot 100.
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