763 BC The Eclipse of Bur-Sagale was observed in Assyria (present-day Iraq) on June 15, 763 BC, the earliest solar eclipse mentioned in historical sources that has been successfully identified. It was later used to fix the chronology of Mesopotamian history.
1215 The Magna Carta ("the Great Charter") was a document containing 63 clauses signed by King John of England after negotiations with his barons and their French and Scots allies. It was sealed at Runnymede, a broad riverside meadow, near Windsor on June 15, 2015. It established a council of 25 barons to ensure John kept to the clauses that included the protection of church rights, protection for the barons from illegal imprisonment, access to swift justice, and limitations on feudal payments to the Crown,
1330 Prince Edward of Woodstock, better known as Edward the Black Prince, was born on June 15, 1330. He was the eldest son of King Edward III of England and Philippa of Hainault. Edward began his military career with his father's Norman campaign. When a messenger told Edward III that his 16-year-old son was in the thick of the fighting and in some danger at the Battle of Crécy, the king refused to recall or help young Edward. "Let the boy win his spurs", was all his father said.
1381 When King Richard II met The Peasants Revolt leader Wat Tyler and the rebels at Smithfield, an argument broke out between Tyler and some of the royal servants. London's mayor, William Walworth intervened and stabbed Tyler killing him. The king defused the tense situation long enough for William Walworth to gather a militia from the city and disperse the rebel forces. King Richard then revoked his previous grants to the rebels. This effectively ended the Revolt.
1520 Having denied the infallibility of the pope, rejecting the Papal claim to be the sole authority of scriptures, and the infallibility of the general council, Martin Luther was sent a papal bull Exsurge Domine (Latin for "Arise O Lord") on June 15, 1520 threatening his excommunication. Luther publicly burned the bull six months later outside Wittenberg's Elster Gate.and was consequently excommunicated.
1567 Many were shocked that Mary Queen of Scots should marry Lord Bothwell, as he had been accused of murdering her second husband. 26 Protestant nobles turned against Mary and Bothwell, raising an army against them. A month after their wedding, the angry nobles confronted Mary and Bothwell at Carberry Hill, on June 15, 1567. By the evening with her army deserting, Mary agreed to send Bothwell away and agreed to abdicate in favor of her one-year-old son James.
1667 Frenchman Dr. Jean-Baptiste Denys, the physician to King Louis XIV, administered on June 15, 1667 the first ever documented blood transfusion from animal to human. He injected into the veins of a dying 15-year old boy eight ounces of lamb’s blood and temporarily succeeded in restoring him. However the boy subsequently died and Denis was accused of murder.
1836 Arkansas became the 25th state to enter the Union on June 15, 1836. The name of the state is taken from the Arkansas River, which was named for the Arkansa, or Quapaw, Indians; the s was added as a plural, and the French pronunciation was retained. The Arkansa Indians were one of the most numerous of the tribes that occupied the region before the coming of white settlers.
1843 Edvard Grieg was born in Bergen, Norway, on June 15, 1843. His mother, Gesine Hagerup, the daughter of Bergen's mayor, was a concert pianist and was Edvard's first piano teacher. Edvard started composing when he was about 12 and took his compositions to school, but the teacher did not show much interest in them. In the summer of 1858 the great Norwegian violinist Ole Bull visited the family and persuaded his parents to send their son to the Leipzig Conservatory to study music.
1844 American chemist Charles Goodyear received a patent for vulcanization, a process to strengthen rubber on June 15, 1844. Goodyear is credited with inventing the modern chemical process to create and manufacture pliable, waterproof, moldable rubber, which was to be of great importance for vehicle tires.
1849 Former US president James K Polk is believed to have contracted cholera in New Orleans, Louisiana, on a goodwill tour of the South after leaving the White House. He died of cholera at his new home, Polk Place, in Nashville, Tennessee, at 3:15 pm on June 15, 1849. Polk died 103 days after leaving office and has the shortest retirement of any president. Polk was laid to rest in Nashville, Tennessee. He is the only president buried on the grounds of a state capital.
1864 Arlington National Cemetery was established on June 15, 1864 when 200 acres around Arlington Mansion (formerly owned by Confederate General Robert E. Lee) were officially set aside as a military cemetery by US Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton. The dead of the nation's conflicts have been buried in its grounds, beginning with the Civil War, as well as re-interred dead from earlier wars.
1877 Henry Ossian Flipper, born a slave, became the first African American cadet to graduate from the US Military Academy at West Point on June 15, 1877. He earned a commission as a second lieutenant in the US Army. Despite facing racial discrimination and adversity throughout his career, Flipper served with distinction as an officer and engineer in the U.S. Army.
1878 Eadweard Muybridge was a pioneering photographer and motion-picture pioneer who conducted various photographic studies on animal and human locomotion. On June 15, 1878, he set up a series of multiple cameras with tripwires, capturing sequential images as the horse ran past. By examining the photographs, Muybridge was able to prove that there is a moment during a horse's gallop when all four of its feet are simultaneously off the ground. They became the basis of motion pictures.
1888 After Frederick III died of throat cancer, his son Wilhelm II succeeded him as German Emperor on June 15, 1888. He forced his father's long-time Chancellor, Otto von Bismarck to resign in 1890 and his subsequent foreign policy was disastrous. In 1914 he first approved Austria's ultimatum to Serbia, and then, when he realized war was becoming inevitable he tried in vain to prevent it. After Germany's defeat in 1918, Wilhelm lost the support of the German army and he abdicated.
1919 John Alcock and Arthur Brown completed the first nonstop transatlantic flight on June 15, 1919. They flew a Vickers-Vimy biplane from St John's, Newfoundland, to Clifden, County Galway, Ireland, in a time of 16 hours 27 minutes, a distance of 1,960 miles, upending the plane in a soggy Galway field. Despite the cloud only lifting three times during their journey, Brown managed to navigate them to within 20 miles of their original target destination using just a sextant and calculus.
1920 Early radio broadcasts in America received little publicity beyond a few local newspaper reports, in contrast to a similar broadcast made on June 15, 1920 by the Marconi station at Chelmsford in Essex, England featuring the famous soprano Dame Nellie Melba, which garnered broad international attention.
1921 Bessie Coleman was the first woman of African-American and Native-American descent to hold a pilot license. She earned her license from France's Caudron Brother's School of Aviation in just several months receiving it on June 15, 1921. Coleman became a high profile pilot in notoriously dangerous air shows in the United States. Popularly known as Queen Bess and Brave Bessie, she died in a plane crash in 1926 while testing a new aircraft.
1927 Guglielmo Marconi married Maria Cristina Bezzi-Scali, the only daughter of Francesco, Count Bezzi-Scali. in Rome on June 15, 1927. Benito Mussolini was his best man. Marconi was 53 years old and his second wife, Maria Cristina Bezzi-Scali, was 26 years old, just under half her new husband's age. They had one daughter, Maria Elettra Elena Anna Marconi.
1933 Florence Price was a groundbreaking African-American composer, who overcame racism and sexism to achieve success in the classical music world. Price's Symphony No. 1 in E minor was performed by the Chicago Symphony Orchestra as part of the Century of Progress World's Fair on June 15, 1933, making Price the first African-American woman to have her music played by a major US. orchestra.
1215 The Magna Carta ("the Great Charter") was a document containing 63 clauses signed by King John of England after negotiations with his barons and their French and Scots allies. It was sealed at Runnymede, a broad riverside meadow, near Windsor on June 15, 2015. It established a council of 25 barons to ensure John kept to the clauses that included the protection of church rights, protection for the barons from illegal imprisonment, access to swift justice, and limitations on feudal payments to the Crown,
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| A romanticized 19th-century recreation of King John signing the Magna Carta |
1330 Prince Edward of Woodstock, better known as Edward the Black Prince, was born on June 15, 1330. He was the eldest son of King Edward III of England and Philippa of Hainault. Edward began his military career with his father's Norman campaign. When a messenger told Edward III that his 16-year-old son was in the thick of the fighting and in some danger at the Battle of Crécy, the king refused to recall or help young Edward. "Let the boy win his spurs", was all his father said.
1381 When King Richard II met The Peasants Revolt leader Wat Tyler and the rebels at Smithfield, an argument broke out between Tyler and some of the royal servants. London's mayor, William Walworth intervened and stabbed Tyler killing him. The king defused the tense situation long enough for William Walworth to gather a militia from the city and disperse the rebel forces. King Richard then revoked his previous grants to the rebels. This effectively ended the Revolt.
 |
| Late 14th-century depiction of William Walworth killing Wat Tyler; |
1520 Having denied the infallibility of the pope, rejecting the Papal claim to be the sole authority of scriptures, and the infallibility of the general council, Martin Luther was sent a papal bull Exsurge Domine (Latin for "Arise O Lord") on June 15, 1520 threatening his excommunication. Luther publicly burned the bull six months later outside Wittenberg's Elster Gate.and was consequently excommunicated.
1567 Many were shocked that Mary Queen of Scots should marry Lord Bothwell, as he had been accused of murdering her second husband. 26 Protestant nobles turned against Mary and Bothwell, raising an army against them. A month after their wedding, the angry nobles confronted Mary and Bothwell at Carberry Hill, on June 15, 1567. By the evening with her army deserting, Mary agreed to send Bothwell away and agreed to abdicate in favor of her one-year-old son James.
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| Battle of Carberry Hill |
1667 Frenchman Dr. Jean-Baptiste Denys, the physician to King Louis XIV, administered on June 15, 1667 the first ever documented blood transfusion from animal to human. He injected into the veins of a dying 15-year old boy eight ounces of lamb’s blood and temporarily succeeded in restoring him. However the boy subsequently died and Denis was accused of murder.
1836 Arkansas became the 25th state to enter the Union on June 15, 1836. The name of the state is taken from the Arkansas River, which was named for the Arkansa, or Quapaw, Indians; the s was added as a plural, and the French pronunciation was retained. The Arkansa Indians were one of the most numerous of the tribes that occupied the region before the coming of white settlers.
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| Flag of Arkansas |
1843 Edvard Grieg was born in Bergen, Norway, on June 15, 1843. His mother, Gesine Hagerup, the daughter of Bergen's mayor, was a concert pianist and was Edvard's first piano teacher. Edvard started composing when he was about 12 and took his compositions to school, but the teacher did not show much interest in them. In the summer of 1858 the great Norwegian violinist Ole Bull visited the family and persuaded his parents to send their son to the Leipzig Conservatory to study music.
1844 American chemist Charles Goodyear received a patent for vulcanization, a process to strengthen rubber on June 15, 1844. Goodyear is credited with inventing the modern chemical process to create and manufacture pliable, waterproof, moldable rubber, which was to be of great importance for vehicle tires.
1849 Former US president James K Polk is believed to have contracted cholera in New Orleans, Louisiana, on a goodwill tour of the South after leaving the White House. He died of cholera at his new home, Polk Place, in Nashville, Tennessee, at 3:15 pm on June 15, 1849. Polk died 103 days after leaving office and has the shortest retirement of any president. Polk was laid to rest in Nashville, Tennessee. He is the only president buried on the grounds of a state capital.
1864 Arlington National Cemetery was established on June 15, 1864 when 200 acres around Arlington Mansion (formerly owned by Confederate General Robert E. Lee) were officially set aside as a military cemetery by US Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton. The dead of the nation's conflicts have been buried in its grounds, beginning with the Civil War, as well as re-interred dead from earlier wars.
 |
| Gravestones at Arlington National Cemetery are marked by U.S. flags each Memorial Day. |
1877 Henry Ossian Flipper, born a slave, became the first African American cadet to graduate from the US Military Academy at West Point on June 15, 1877. He earned a commission as a second lieutenant in the US Army. Despite facing racial discrimination and adversity throughout his career, Flipper served with distinction as an officer and engineer in the U.S. Army.
1878 Eadweard Muybridge was a pioneering photographer and motion-picture pioneer who conducted various photographic studies on animal and human locomotion. On June 15, 1878, he set up a series of multiple cameras with tripwires, capturing sequential images as the horse ran past. By examining the photographs, Muybridge was able to prove that there is a moment during a horse's gallop when all four of its feet are simultaneously off the ground. They became the basis of motion pictures.
1888 After Frederick III died of throat cancer, his son Wilhelm II succeeded him as German Emperor on June 15, 1888. He forced his father's long-time Chancellor, Otto von Bismarck to resign in 1890 and his subsequent foreign policy was disastrous. In 1914 he first approved Austria's ultimatum to Serbia, and then, when he realized war was becoming inevitable he tried in vain to prevent it. After Germany's defeat in 1918, Wilhelm lost the support of the German army and he abdicated.
1919 John Alcock and Arthur Brown completed the first nonstop transatlantic flight on June 15, 1919. They flew a Vickers-Vimy biplane from St John's, Newfoundland, to Clifden, County Galway, Ireland, in a time of 16 hours 27 minutes, a distance of 1,960 miles, upending the plane in a soggy Galway field. Despite the cloud only lifting three times during their journey, Brown managed to navigate them to within 20 miles of their original target destination using just a sextant and calculus.
1920 Early radio broadcasts in America received little publicity beyond a few local newspaper reports, in contrast to a similar broadcast made on June 15, 1920 by the Marconi station at Chelmsford in Essex, England featuring the famous soprano Dame Nellie Melba, which garnered broad international attention.
1921 Bessie Coleman was the first woman of African-American and Native-American descent to hold a pilot license. She earned her license from France's Caudron Brother's School of Aviation in just several months receiving it on June 15, 1921. Coleman became a high profile pilot in notoriously dangerous air shows in the United States. Popularly known as Queen Bess and Brave Bessie, she died in a plane crash in 1926 while testing a new aircraft.
1927 Guglielmo Marconi married Maria Cristina Bezzi-Scali, the only daughter of Francesco, Count Bezzi-Scali. in Rome on June 15, 1927. Benito Mussolini was his best man. Marconi was 53 years old and his second wife, Maria Cristina Bezzi-Scali, was 26 years old, just under half her new husband's age. They had one daughter, Maria Elettra Elena Anna Marconi.
1933 Florence Price was a groundbreaking African-American composer, who overcame racism and sexism to achieve success in the classical music world. Price's Symphony No. 1 in E minor was performed by the Chicago Symphony Orchestra as part of the Century of Progress World's Fair on June 15, 1933, making Price the first African-American woman to have her music played by a major US. orchestra.
1948 College students Dan and Frank Carney founded the first Pizza Hut in Wichita, Kansas on June 15 1958. They opened the restaurant with $600 borrowed from their mom. The story behind the restaurant chain's name isn't very complicated. The sign outside the original building only had room for eight letters, the title "Pizza Hut" just happened to fit on the sign.
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| The first Pizza Hut in Wichita. By Sanjay Acharya |
1950 French entertainer Michel Lotito was born in Grenoble, France on June 15, 1950. Famous for deliberately eating indigestible objects, he came to be known as Monsieur "Mouth" Mangetout ("Mr. Eat-All"). Throughout Lotito's life, he consumed two beds, 18 bicycles, six chandeliers, a coffin (handles and all), a computer, a pair of skis, 15 supermarket trolleys, seven TV sets, and an airplane (Cessna 150) piece by piece.
2010 Harrison Ford began dating actress Calista Flockhart after meeting at the 2002 Golden Globes. They married on June 15, 2010, in Santa Fe, New Mexico, where Ford was filming Cowboys & Aliens. The ceremony was presided over by Governor Bill Richardson and New Mexico Supreme Court Chief Justice Charles W. Daniels She is his third wife.
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| Ford and Flockhart in 2009 by Mireille Ampilhac - originally posted to Flickr |
2011 Bill Haast died June 15, 2011 aged 100. He founded the Miami Serpentarium in 1947, where he extracted venom from snakes in front of paying customers. Haast had been bitten 172 times by the time he reached the age of 97.
2012 American daredevil Nik Wallenda became the first person to cross Niagara Falls on a high wire on June 15, 2012. He completed the crossing at 10:41 p.m. EDT, 25 minutes after he started. In the 1800s, a few tightrope walkers had crossed over the Niagara Gorge down river, but none had ever crossed directly over the Falls. Wallendra carried his passport on the trip and was required to present it to Canadian border guards waiting for him upon his arrival on the Canadian side of the falls.
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