c230BC International Bath Day is observed every year on June 14. The day was chosen as Archimedes discovered the Archimedian principle when he stepped into his bath and found the displaced water overflowing one week before the beginning of summer on June 21st.
1381 During the English Peasant's Revolt, the Kentish rebels crossed London Bridge and the 14-year-old King Richard II agreed to meet the rebels at Mile End. On June 14, 1381, King Richard met with the Peasants' leader Wat Tyler and acceded to most of the rebels' demands, including the abolition of serfdom. However, after a group of the peasants went to the Tower of London and beheaded the Lord Chancellor and the Lord High Treasurer, Richard revoked his previous grants to the rebels.
1642 The Dutch artist Rembrandt married Saskia van Uylenburg in 1634. A daughter of a patrician, Saskia introduced Rembrandt to higher social circles, which increased his fame. Three of their children died shortly after birth. Their fourth child, a son, Titus, was born in 1641 and survived into adulthood. Saskia died from tuberculosis on June 14. 1642, soon after their fourth child Titus' birth.
1709 Gabriel Nicolas de la Reynie, the first Lieutenant General of the Paris police, died on June 14, 1709. Reynie's views on law enforcement were advanced, and form the basis for modern police forces today. He is considered to be the founder of the first uniformed police force in the world.
1775 Soon after the beginning of the Revolutionary War, it became clear that a serious armed conflict was at hand. The Second Continental Congress authorized a Continental Army with a unified command structure, led by Major General George Washington. The measure was passed on June 14, 1775, and is still celebrated as the Army’s birthday. After the war the Continental Army was quickly given land certificates and disbanded in a reflection of the republican distrust of standing armies.
1777 The Second Continental Congress in Philadelphia passed the Flag Resolution on June 14, 1777, adopting the "Stars and Stripes" as the national flag of the United States. It stated "Resolved: that the flag of the United States be made of thirteen stripes, alternate red and white; that the union be thirteen stars, white in a blue field, representing a new constellation."
1801 American general turned British spy Benedict Arnold had suffered from gout since 1775 and by January 1801 he was walking only with a cane. His doctors diagnosed Arnold as having dropsy. After enduring years of scorn, he died in London after four days of delirium, on June 14, 1801, at the age of 60. Arnold's tomb is currently embedded in the wall of a Sunday school classroom at St. Mary’s church in the Battersea section of London, next to a tropical fish tank.
1811 Uncle Tom's Cabin author Harriet Beecher Stowe was born in Litchfield, Connecticut, on June 14, 1811. Harriet was the seventh child of an Evangelical Protestant clergyman, Lyman Beecher. By the age of 6, Harriet could read well and had memorized two long chapters of the Bible. Harriet began writing aged 12 as a hobby, mainly tales and sketches. One of her first works was a prize essay on the subject "Can the Immortality of the Soul be Proved by the Light of Nature."
1822 On June 14, 1822 English mathematician Charles Babbage proposed a difference engine, an automatic, mechanical calculator designed to tabulate polynomial functions. The proposal was made in a paper presented to the Royal Astronomical Society, titled "Note on the application of machinery to the computation of astronomical and mathematical tables". His proposed machine used the decimal number system and was powered by cranking a handle.
1830 In 1827 the French consul was struck in the face with a fly-whisk by the ruler of Algiers. In retaliation 34,000 French soldiers begin their invasion of Algeria, landing 27 kilometres (17 mi) west of Algiers at Sidi Fredj on June 14, 1830. They did not subdue the country until 1848.
1839 The village of Henley-on-Thames, on the River Thames in Oxfordshire, staged its first rowing regatta on June 14, 1839. Since then the Henley Royal Regatta has taken place every year. The course has varied over the years, but is now approximately 2 km 112 m / 1 mile 550 yd. It is as much an elegant social occasion for the public as a sporting one.
1894 Thomas Edison was responsible for the first film of a sporting event, a six round boxing match between Mike Leonard and Jack Cushing on June 14, 1894. A second fight was filmed the same day between James J. Corbett and Peter Courtney.
1895 Vaudeville performer Cliff Edwards was born on June 14, 1895. One of the best known ukulele players, he was also known as Ukulele Ike. Edwards taught himself to play ukulele to serve as his own accompanist (choosing it because it was the cheapest instrument in the music shop).
1929 The leader of the British suffragette movement, Emmeline Pankhurst, was instrumental in gaining women the right to vote in England. Pankhurst's campaign for Parliament was preempted by her ill health and a scandal involving her daughter Sylvia who had a child out of wedlock. As her health went downhill, Pankhurst moved into a nursing home in Hampstead. After a month there, she fell into a critical condition and died on June 14, 1928 aged 69.
1939 Ethel Waters became the first African-American singer to perform on television on June 14, 1939 when she appeared in an NBC variety show. Waters was also the first African-American woman to be given equal billing with white stars in Broadway shows, and to play leading roles in Hollywood films.
1946 Donald Trump, the 45th president of the United States, was born in Queens, New York City on June 14, 1946. He is the son of Fred Trump, a real estate developer, and his wife, Mary Anne. Donald was enrolled at the age of 13 in the New York Military Academy, a private boarding school, He received an economics degree from the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania.
1946 Scottish-English television pioneer John Logie Baird lived at 1 Station Road, Bexhill-on-Sea, East Sussex from December 1944. He caught a cold over Christmas 1945, and suffered a stroke in February 1946. Baird was ordered bedridden but refused to stay there, and continued to deteriorate until his death aged 58 on June 14, 1946. He is buried with his mother, father and wife in Helensburgh Cemetery.
1949 Albert II, a male rhesus macaque monkey, was the first mammal in space. On June 14, 1949, the rhesus monkey rode a rocket to an altitude of 134 kilometers (83 miles). Albert survived the V2 flight but died on impact after a parachute failure.
1951 On June 14, 1951 "UNIVAC I" was unveiled. Designed for the U.S. Census Bureau, it was billed as the world's first commercial computer. UNIVAC stands for Universal Automatic Computer. It is now housed at the University of Pennsylvania.
1954 President Dwight D. Eisenhower signed a bill into law on June 14, 1954 that placed the words "under God" into the United States Pledge of Allegiance. Congressional sessions open with the recital of the Pledge, as do many government meetings at local levels, and meetings held by many private organizations. It is also commonly recited in school at the beginning of every school day.
1958 Nelson Mandela's first marriage was to Evelyn Mase. Mandela filed for divorce in January 1958; the divorce was finalized two months later with their three children placed in Evelyn's care.
During the divorce proceedings, he began courting and politicizing a social worker, Winnie Madikizela, whom he married in Bizana on June 14, 1958. He divorced her in 1992 after she was convicted of kidnapping.
1959 The Disneyland ALWEG Monorail opened on June 14, 1959 as a sightseeing attraction in Tomorrowland in Disneyland in Anaheim, California. It was the first daily operating monorail system in the Western Hemisphere.
1966 The Catholic Church abolished its list of Forbidden Books on June 14, 1966. It had existed since the sixteenth century and by 1948 over 4,000 titles had been censored including works by Erasmus, Defoe, Descartes and Immanuel Kant.
 |
| Richard II meets the rebels from a 1470s copy of Jean Froissart's Chronicles. |
1642 The Dutch artist Rembrandt married Saskia van Uylenburg in 1634. A daughter of a patrician, Saskia introduced Rembrandt to higher social circles, which increased his fame. Three of their children died shortly after birth. Their fourth child, a son, Titus, was born in 1641 and survived into adulthood. Saskia died from tuberculosis on June 14. 1642, soon after their fourth child Titus' birth.
1709 Gabriel Nicolas de la Reynie, the first Lieutenant General of the Paris police, died on June 14, 1709. Reynie's views on law enforcement were advanced, and form the basis for modern police forces today. He is considered to be the founder of the first uniformed police force in the world.
 |
| Gabriel-Nicolas de la Reynie 17th century painting by Pierre Mignard. |
1775 Soon after the beginning of the Revolutionary War, it became clear that a serious armed conflict was at hand. The Second Continental Congress authorized a Continental Army with a unified command structure, led by Major General George Washington. The measure was passed on June 14, 1775, and is still celebrated as the Army’s birthday. After the war the Continental Army was quickly given land certificates and disbanded in a reflection of the republican distrust of standing armies.
1777 The Second Continental Congress in Philadelphia passed the Flag Resolution on June 14, 1777, adopting the "Stars and Stripes" as the national flag of the United States. It stated "Resolved: that the flag of the United States be made of thirteen stripes, alternate red and white; that the union be thirteen stars, white in a blue field, representing a new constellation."
1801 American general turned British spy Benedict Arnold had suffered from gout since 1775 and by January 1801 he was walking only with a cane. His doctors diagnosed Arnold as having dropsy. After enduring years of scorn, he died in London after four days of delirium, on June 14, 1801, at the age of 60. Arnold's tomb is currently embedded in the wall of a Sunday school classroom at St. Mary’s church in the Battersea section of London, next to a tropical fish tank.
1811 Uncle Tom's Cabin author Harriet Beecher Stowe was born in Litchfield, Connecticut, on June 14, 1811. Harriet was the seventh child of an Evangelical Protestant clergyman, Lyman Beecher. By the age of 6, Harriet could read well and had memorized two long chapters of the Bible. Harriet began writing aged 12 as a hobby, mainly tales and sketches. One of her first works was a prize essay on the subject "Can the Immortality of the Soul be Proved by the Light of Nature."
1822 On June 14, 1822 English mathematician Charles Babbage proposed a difference engine, an automatic, mechanical calculator designed to tabulate polynomial functions. The proposal was made in a paper presented to the Royal Astronomical Society, titled "Note on the application of machinery to the computation of astronomical and mathematical tables". His proposed machine used the decimal number system and was powered by cranking a handle.
 |
| The first difference engine,built from Babbage's design. Wikipedia |
1830 In 1827 the French consul was struck in the face with a fly-whisk by the ruler of Algiers. In retaliation 34,000 French soldiers begin their invasion of Algeria, landing 27 kilometres (17 mi) west of Algiers at Sidi Fredj on June 14, 1830. They did not subdue the country until 1848.
1839 The village of Henley-on-Thames, on the River Thames in Oxfordshire, staged its first rowing regatta on June 14, 1839. Since then the Henley Royal Regatta has taken place every year. The course has varied over the years, but is now approximately 2 km 112 m / 1 mile 550 yd. It is as much an elegant social occasion for the public as a sporting one.
1894 Thomas Edison was responsible for the first film of a sporting event, a six round boxing match between Mike Leonard and Jack Cushing on June 14, 1894. A second fight was filmed the same day between James J. Corbett and Peter Courtney.
1895 Vaudeville performer Cliff Edwards was born on June 14, 1895. One of the best known ukulele players, he was also known as Ukulele Ike. Edwards taught himself to play ukulele to serve as his own accompanist (choosing it because it was the cheapest instrument in the music shop).
1929 The leader of the British suffragette movement, Emmeline Pankhurst, was instrumental in gaining women the right to vote in England. Pankhurst's campaign for Parliament was preempted by her ill health and a scandal involving her daughter Sylvia who had a child out of wedlock. As her health went downhill, Pankhurst moved into a nursing home in Hampstead. After a month there, she fell into a critical condition and died on June 14, 1928 aged 69.
1939 Ethel Waters became the first African-American singer to perform on television on June 14, 1939 when she appeared in an NBC variety show. Waters was also the first African-American woman to be given equal billing with white stars in Broadway shows, and to play leading roles in Hollywood films.
1946 Donald Trump, the 45th president of the United States, was born in Queens, New York City on June 14, 1946. He is the son of Fred Trump, a real estate developer, and his wife, Mary Anne. Donald was enrolled at the age of 13 in the New York Military Academy, a private boarding school, He received an economics degree from the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania.
1946 Scottish-English television pioneer John Logie Baird lived at 1 Station Road, Bexhill-on-Sea, East Sussex from December 1944. He caught a cold over Christmas 1945, and suffered a stroke in February 1946. Baird was ordered bedridden but refused to stay there, and continued to deteriorate until his death aged 58 on June 14, 1946. He is buried with his mother, father and wife in Helensburgh Cemetery.
1949 Albert II, a male rhesus macaque monkey, was the first mammal in space. On June 14, 1949, the rhesus monkey rode a rocket to an altitude of 134 kilometers (83 miles). Albert survived the V2 flight but died on impact after a parachute failure.
1951 On June 14, 1951 "UNIVAC I" was unveiled. Designed for the U.S. Census Bureau, it was billed as the world's first commercial computer. UNIVAC stands for Universal Automatic Computer. It is now housed at the University of Pennsylvania.
 |
| UNIVAC I at Franklin Life Insurance Company |
1954 President Dwight D. Eisenhower signed a bill into law on June 14, 1954 that placed the words "under God" into the United States Pledge of Allegiance. Congressional sessions open with the recital of the Pledge, as do many government meetings at local levels, and meetings held by many private organizations. It is also commonly recited in school at the beginning of every school day.
During the divorce proceedings, he began courting and politicizing a social worker, Winnie Madikizela, whom he married in Bizana on June 14, 1958. He divorced her in 1992 after she was convicted of kidnapping.
1959 The Disneyland ALWEG Monorail opened on June 14, 1959 as a sightseeing attraction in Tomorrowland in Disneyland in Anaheim, California. It was the first daily operating monorail system in the Western Hemisphere.
1966 The Catholic Church abolished its list of Forbidden Books on June 14, 1966. It had existed since the sixteenth century and by 1948 over 4,000 titles had been censored including works by Erasmus, Defoe, Descartes and Immanuel Kant.
1984 New Zealand Prime Minister Robert Muldoon called a snap election on national television on the night of June 14, 1984. He was tired and frustrated, as he had been dealing with a number of challenges, including a recession, industrial unrest, and a split in his own party. Muldoon's decision to call a snap election was a gamble, and it backfired spectacularly.
2007 Evangelist Billy Graham married Wheaton classmate Ruth Bell in 1943. Ruth said that Billy wanted to please God more than any man she had ever met. They had five children together. To eliminate even the suspicion of infidelity, Graham vowed never to meet, travel or eat alone with any woman other than his wife. Ruth Graham died on June 14, 2007, at the age of 87 after 64 years of marriage.
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