1489 Thomas Cranmer was born on July 2, 1489 in Aslockton in Nottinghamshire, England. His parents, Thomas and Agnes (née Hatfield) Cranmer, were of modest wealth. He was appointed as a royal chaplain in 1529 by Henry VIII. Cranmer had won the King’s favor by suggesting the King appeal for his divorce from Catherine of Aragon to the universities of Christendom.
1566 French astrologer Nostradamus spent his last years in Salon-de-Provence, a commune in the Bouches-du-Rhône department in southern France. By 1566, Nostradamus's gout, which had plagued him painfully for many years, had turned into dropsy. On the morning of July 2, 1566 he was found dead, lying on the floor next to his bed and a bench. Nostradamus was buried in the local Franciscan chapel in Salon-de-Provence.
1634 In the early Dutch painter 1630s Rembrandt moved into the house of his art dealer, Hendrick van Uylenburgh. He met there her wealthy niece, Saskia van Uylenburg, whom he married on July 2, 1634. The preacher was Saskia's cousin, but none of Rembrandt's family attended the marriage. Saskia introduced Rembrandt to higher social circles, which increased his fame. Three of their four children died shortly after birth and Saskia herself died in 1642 from tuberculosis.
1644 The Battle of Marston Moor was fought on July 2, 1644, during the English Civil War. The combined forces of the English Parliamentarians and the Scottish Covenanters defeated the Royalist Cavaliers. As a result King Charles I lost control of Northern England (whose population were strongly Royalist in sympathy), and the king also lost access to the European continent through the ports on the North Sea coast.
1644 Charles I sheltered in the White Hart Hotel in the market town of Moreton-in-Marsh following the battle of Marston Moor. He fled in panic without paying the bill when news of the advancing Roundheads reached him. 348 years later, in July 1992 a Civil War fan Christopher Long paid his outstanding debt.
1778 Swiss philosopher and writer Jean-Jacques Rousseau spent his last days at Marquis Girardin’s cottage in his chateau in Ermenonville. He spent his time collecting botanical specimen, teaching botany to his host’s son and music to his daughter. While taking a morning walk on the estate of the Marquis de Giradin at Ermenonville, Rousseau suffered a hemorrhage and died on July 2, 1778. Rousseau was interred in The Panthéon in Paris in 1794, sixteen years after his death.
1843 German doctor Samuel Hahnemann began practicing a new method of medicine, which he called homeopathy in 1796. His medical technique advocated the use of single drugs at lower doses and promoted an immaterial, vitalistic view of how living organisms function. Hahnemann continued practicing and researching homeopathy for the rest of his life. He died on July 2, 1843 in Paris, aged 88, and is entombed in a mausoleum at Paris's Père Lachaise Cemetery.
1850 When former UK Prime Minister Robert Peel was thrown from his horse while riding on Constitution Hill in London his mount stumbled on top of him. He died three days later on July 2, 1850 at the age of 62, due to a clavicular fracture rupturing his subclavian vessels. Charles Dickens said on Sir Robert Peel's death: "He was a man of merit who could ill be spared from the Great Dust Heap down at Westminster."
1881 President James Garfield was shot at the Baltimore and Potomac train depot in Washington DC, by Charles J Guiteau on July 2, 1881, whilst preparing to leave the capital for the Fourth of July holidays. Guiteau had been offended by Garfield's rejections of his various job applications. Garfield died from his wounds two and a half months later.
1897 British-Italian radio pioneer Guglielmo Marconi was granted Patent no 12,039 for “Improvements in Transmitting Electrical impulses and Signals, and in Apparatus therefor" on July 2, 1897. Marconi originally intended his long-distance radio transmission to be a system that supplemented the telegraph at sea and on land, where an ordinary telegraph with wires couldn't be used.
1900 The strong nationalist sentiment conveyed in Jean Sibelius' music was deemed an expression of patriotism in Finland. Sibelius' tone poem Finlandia was composed when his country was under Russian domination and premiered in Helsinki on July 2, 1900 with the Helsinki Philharmonic Society. The work was banned by the Russian rulers of Finland because it aroused much patriotic fervor among the Finns. In Berlin it was played as 'Vaterland'; in Paris as 'Patrie'.
1900 Ferdinand Zeppelin’s first rigid airship, the LZ-1, made its maiden flight over Lake Constance near Friedrichshafen, Germany on July 2, 1900. The Zeppelin airship had an engine and a propeller which meant the aircraft could be directed.
1918 Band leader Duke Ellington married his high school sweetheart, Edna Thompson on July 2, 1918, when he was 19. Shortly after their marriage, on March 11, 1919, Edna gave birth to their only son, Mercer Kennedy Ellington. Duke Ellington was known for his groundbreaking contributions to jazz music and his prolific career spanning several decades. His compositions and performances shaped the jazz genre, and he is considered one of the greatest jazz musicians of all time.
1922 18-year-old Ralph Samuelson pioneered the sport of water skiing in late June and early July 1922 in Lake City, Minnesota. Samuelson experimented with different positions on the skis for several days until on July 2, 1922 he discovered that leaning backwards in the water with ski tips up and poking out of the water at the tip was the optimal method. His older brother Ben towed him and they reached a speed of 32 kilometres per hour (20 mph).
1932 Wendy's founder Dave Thomas was born on July 2, 1932. He dropped out of high school but picked up his GED in 1993. His GED class voted him Most Likely to Succeed. Before he founded Wendy's in 1969, Dave Thomas worked for Kentucky Fried Chicken ending up as a Regional Director.
1939 Aviation pioneer Amelia Earhart and navigator Fred Noonan vanished over the Pacific Ocean while attempting to make the first equatorial round-the-world flight on July 2, 1937. Earhart was declared dead 18 months later.
1961 By the summer of 1961 Ernest Hemingway was ill with high blood-pressure, chronic alcoholism, heart problems, liver failure, skin problems (following the air plane crashes), depression and insomnia. In the early morning hours of July 2, 1961, Hemingway shot himself with his favorite shotgun. He is interred in the Ketchum Cemetery in Ketchum, Idaho. Hemingway's father Clarence, his siblings Ursula and Leicester, and his granddaughter Margaux all also committed suicide.
1962 The first true Walmart opened on July 2, 1962, in Rogers, Arkansas. Called the Wal-Mart Discount City store, it was located at 719 West Walnut Street. It was founder Sam Walton's assistant, Bob Bogle, who came up with the name "Wal-Mart" for the new chain. Within five years the Wal-Mart company had grown to 24 stores across the state of Arkansas and by 1988 it was the most profitable retailer in the United States.
1964 President Lyndon B. Johnson signed the Civil Rights Act, on July 2, 1964, which aimed to end racial segregation in public places, such as schools, restaurants, and theaters. It also prohibited discrimination in employment on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. Johnson said it would "close the springs of racial poison."
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| Portrait by Gerlach Flicke, 1545 |
1566 French astrologer Nostradamus spent his last years in Salon-de-Provence, a commune in the Bouches-du-Rhône department in southern France. By 1566, Nostradamus's gout, which had plagued him painfully for many years, had turned into dropsy. On the morning of July 2, 1566 he was found dead, lying on the floor next to his bed and a bench. Nostradamus was buried in the local Franciscan chapel in Salon-de-Provence.
1634 In the early Dutch painter 1630s Rembrandt moved into the house of his art dealer, Hendrick van Uylenburgh. He met there her wealthy niece, Saskia van Uylenburg, whom he married on July 2, 1634. The preacher was Saskia's cousin, but none of Rembrandt's family attended the marriage. Saskia introduced Rembrandt to higher social circles, which increased his fame. Three of their four children died shortly after birth and Saskia herself died in 1642 from tuberculosis.
1644 The Battle of Marston Moor was fought on July 2, 1644, during the English Civil War. The combined forces of the English Parliamentarians and the Scottish Covenanters defeated the Royalist Cavaliers. As a result King Charles I lost control of Northern England (whose population were strongly Royalist in sympathy), and the king also lost access to the European continent through the ports on the North Sea coast.
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| The Battle of Marston Moor, John Barker |
1644 Charles I sheltered in the White Hart Hotel in the market town of Moreton-in-Marsh following the battle of Marston Moor. He fled in panic without paying the bill when news of the advancing Roundheads reached him. 348 years later, in July 1992 a Civil War fan Christopher Long paid his outstanding debt.
1778 Swiss philosopher and writer Jean-Jacques Rousseau spent his last days at Marquis Girardin’s cottage in his chateau in Ermenonville. He spent his time collecting botanical specimen, teaching botany to his host’s son and music to his daughter. While taking a morning walk on the estate of the Marquis de Giradin at Ermenonville, Rousseau suffered a hemorrhage and died on July 2, 1778. Rousseau was interred in The Panthéon in Paris in 1794, sixteen years after his death.
1843 German doctor Samuel Hahnemann began practicing a new method of medicine, which he called homeopathy in 1796. His medical technique advocated the use of single drugs at lower doses and promoted an immaterial, vitalistic view of how living organisms function. Hahnemann continued practicing and researching homeopathy for the rest of his life. He died on July 2, 1843 in Paris, aged 88, and is entombed in a mausoleum at Paris's Père Lachaise Cemetery.
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| A daguerrotype of Samuel Hahnemann in 1841 |
1850 When former UK Prime Minister Robert Peel was thrown from his horse while riding on Constitution Hill in London his mount stumbled on top of him. He died three days later on July 2, 1850 at the age of 62, due to a clavicular fracture rupturing his subclavian vessels. Charles Dickens said on Sir Robert Peel's death: "He was a man of merit who could ill be spared from the Great Dust Heap down at Westminster."
1881 President James Garfield was shot at the Baltimore and Potomac train depot in Washington DC, by Charles J Guiteau on July 2, 1881, whilst preparing to leave the capital for the Fourth of July holidays. Guiteau had been offended by Garfield's rejections of his various job applications. Garfield died from his wounds two and a half months later.
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| Garfield collapses as Secretary of State Blaine gestures for help. |
1897 British-Italian radio pioneer Guglielmo Marconi was granted Patent no 12,039 for “Improvements in Transmitting Electrical impulses and Signals, and in Apparatus therefor" on July 2, 1897. Marconi originally intended his long-distance radio transmission to be a system that supplemented the telegraph at sea and on land, where an ordinary telegraph with wires couldn't be used.
1900 The strong nationalist sentiment conveyed in Jean Sibelius' music was deemed an expression of patriotism in Finland. Sibelius' tone poem Finlandia was composed when his country was under Russian domination and premiered in Helsinki on July 2, 1900 with the Helsinki Philharmonic Society. The work was banned by the Russian rulers of Finland because it aroused much patriotic fervor among the Finns. In Berlin it was played as 'Vaterland'; in Paris as 'Patrie'.
1900 Ferdinand Zeppelin’s first rigid airship, the LZ-1, made its maiden flight over Lake Constance near Friedrichshafen, Germany on July 2, 1900. The Zeppelin airship had an engine and a propeller which meant the aircraft could be directed.
1918 Band leader Duke Ellington married his high school sweetheart, Edna Thompson on July 2, 1918, when he was 19. Shortly after their marriage, on March 11, 1919, Edna gave birth to their only son, Mercer Kennedy Ellington. Duke Ellington was known for his groundbreaking contributions to jazz music and his prolific career spanning several decades. His compositions and performances shaped the jazz genre, and he is considered one of the greatest jazz musicians of all time.
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| Duke Ellington and family |
1922 18-year-old Ralph Samuelson pioneered the sport of water skiing in late June and early July 1922 in Lake City, Minnesota. Samuelson experimented with different positions on the skis for several days until on July 2, 1922 he discovered that leaning backwards in the water with ski tips up and poking out of the water at the tip was the optimal method. His older brother Ben towed him and they reached a speed of 32 kilometres per hour (20 mph).
1932 Wendy's founder Dave Thomas was born on July 2, 1932. He dropped out of high school but picked up his GED in 1993. His GED class voted him Most Likely to Succeed. Before he founded Wendy's in 1969, Dave Thomas worked for Kentucky Fried Chicken ending up as a Regional Director.
1939 Aviation pioneer Amelia Earhart and navigator Fred Noonan vanished over the Pacific Ocean while attempting to make the first equatorial round-the-world flight on July 2, 1937. Earhart was declared dead 18 months later.
1961 By the summer of 1961 Ernest Hemingway was ill with high blood-pressure, chronic alcoholism, heart problems, liver failure, skin problems (following the air plane crashes), depression and insomnia. In the early morning hours of July 2, 1961, Hemingway shot himself with his favorite shotgun. He is interred in the Ketchum Cemetery in Ketchum, Idaho. Hemingway's father Clarence, his siblings Ursula and Leicester, and his granddaughter Margaux all also committed suicide.
1962 The first true Walmart opened on July 2, 1962, in Rogers, Arkansas. Called the Wal-Mart Discount City store, it was located at 719 West Walnut Street. It was founder Sam Walton's assistant, Bob Bogle, who came up with the name "Wal-Mart" for the new chain. Within five years the Wal-Mart company had grown to 24 stores across the state of Arkansas and by 1988 it was the most profitable retailer in the United States.
1964 President Lyndon B. Johnson signed the Civil Rights Act, on July 2, 1964, which aimed to end racial segregation in public places, such as schools, restaurants, and theaters. It also prohibited discrimination in employment on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. Johnson said it would "close the springs of racial poison."
1976 More than a year after the end of the Vietnam War, North and South Vietnam officially united under communist rule in 1976 to form the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. The Socialist Republic of Vietnam was proclaimed on July 2, 1976 and a program to integrate the south was launched. The economy was in ruins and the new communist administration faced opposition from the intelligentsia (many of whom were imprisoned) and rural groups in the drive to collectivize southern agriculture.
2008 Teenager D’Zhana Simmons of South Carolina had a heart transplant on July 2, 2008 at Miami’s Holtz Children’s Hospital but the new heart failed to function properly and was quickly removed. She essentially lived without a heart, with her circulation supported only by the two blood pumps before doctors implanted another heart 118 days later.
2021 The record for the world's tallest sandcastle belongs to a sandcastle built in Blokhus, Denmark on July 2, 2021. It stands at an impressive height of 21.16 meters (69 feet and 5 inches)! This sandy giant was built by Skulpturparken Blokhus and used over 6,400 tons of sand in its construction.
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