964 Pope John XII, known known as John the Bad, was Pope and ruler of the Papal States 955-964. John's pontificate became infamous for the depravity and worldliness with which he conducted his office. Among his offences were turning the Papal Palace into a brothel, invoking the aid of Jupiter and Venus whilst playing dice and ordaining a deacon in a stable at an improper season. was beaten to death on May 14, 964, by the husband of a woman he was having an affair with.
1264 On May 14, 1264 King Henry III of England was defeated at the Battle of Lewes by the forces of his brother-in-law Simon de Montfort. The king was forced to sign the Mise of Lewes ceding many of his powers to Montfort, making him the de facto ruler of England. The following year Montfort was defeated in August at the Battle of Evesham and within two years the rebellion was extinguished.
1610 King Henry IV of France was assassinated as he was riding through Paris on May 14, 1610. A Catholic fanatic, François Ravaillac, stabbed the king to death in the Rue de la Ferronnerie. Henry was buried at the Saint Denis Basilica. His widow, Marie de' Medici, served as regent for their nine-year-old son, Louis XIII, until 1617.
1643 Four-year-old Louis XIV became King of France on May 14, 1643 upon the death of his father, Louis XIII. Louis XIII had mistrusted his wife and sought to prevent her from gaining influence over the realm after his death. In defiance of custom, which would have made Queen Anne the sole Regent of France, he decreed that a regency council would rule on his son's behalf. Louis XIV began his personal rule of France in 1661 after the death of his chief minister, the Italian Cardinal Mazarin.
1754 The Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews is the ruling body of the game of golf in the eyes of most countries (the USA being a notable exception). The R & A was formed on May 14, 1754 when twenty two noblemen formed themselves into the Society of St Andrews Golfers. In 1834 the club adopted its present name.
1771 Welsh textile manufacturer and social reformer Robert Owen was born on May 14, 1771. Owen instituted a ten-hour work day in his socialist enterprise at New Lanark. By 1817 he had formulated the goal of the eight-hour day, so that workers could evenly divide twenty four hours between: "Eight hours' labor, Eight hours' recreation, Eight hours' rest".
1796 English country doctor Edward Jenner first used cowpox as a vaccine against smallpox on May 14, 1796. He took some pus from a cowpox blister on the fingers of a farmer's daughter, Sarah Nelmes and scratched it with a lancet into the skin of the left arm 8-year-old James Phipps. Two months later he exposed the boy to smallpox, but he didn't get the disease. Jenner named the process vaccination, which came from the Latin vaccinus, meaning "from cows."
1800 The U.S. Congress first met in New York City on March 4, 1789, putting the United States Constitution into effect. The U.S. Congress moved from New York City to Congress Hall, a building near the intersection of Chestnut and 6th Streets in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in December 1790. It served as the seat of the United States Congress from that date to May 14, 1800.
1804 President Thomas Jefferson commissioned an expedition shortly after the Louisiana Purchase in 1803 to explore and to map the newly acquired territory, to find a practical route across the western half of North America to the Pacific Ocean. The leaders of the expedition Meriwether Lewis and Lieutenant William Clark left St. Louis with 33 volunteers on May 14, 1804. They arrived at the Pacific Coast of Oregon in November 1805 and returned to St Louis September 1806.
1811 Paraguay overthrew the local Spanish administration on May 14, 1811. Paraguay's first dictator was José Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia who ruled Paraguay from 1814. For the next 24 years, until his death in 1840 he ran the country with the aid of only three other people, with very little outside contact or influence. He intended to create a Utopian society based on the French theorist Jean-Jacques Rousseau's Social Contract. Francia is still considered a national hero.
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| Pope John XII |
1264 On May 14, 1264 King Henry III of England was defeated at the Battle of Lewes by the forces of his brother-in-law Simon de Montfort. The king was forced to sign the Mise of Lewes ceding many of his powers to Montfort, making him the de facto ruler of England. The following year Montfort was defeated in August at the Battle of Evesham and within two years the rebellion was extinguished.
1610 King Henry IV of France was assassinated as he was riding through Paris on May 14, 1610. A Catholic fanatic, François Ravaillac, stabbed the king to death in the Rue de la Ferronnerie. Henry was buried at the Saint Denis Basilica. His widow, Marie de' Medici, served as regent for their nine-year-old son, Louis XIII, until 1617.
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| Assassination of Henry IV, engraving by Gaspar Bouttats |
1643 Four-year-old Louis XIV became King of France on May 14, 1643 upon the death of his father, Louis XIII. Louis XIII had mistrusted his wife and sought to prevent her from gaining influence over the realm after his death. In defiance of custom, which would have made Queen Anne the sole Regent of France, he decreed that a regency council would rule on his son's behalf. Louis XIV began his personal rule of France in 1661 after the death of his chief minister, the Italian Cardinal Mazarin.
1754 The Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews is the ruling body of the game of golf in the eyes of most countries (the USA being a notable exception). The R & A was formed on May 14, 1754 when twenty two noblemen formed themselves into the Society of St Andrews Golfers. In 1834 the club adopted its present name.
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| R&A Clubhouse on the Old Course. By Oliver Keenan |
1771 Welsh textile manufacturer and social reformer Robert Owen was born on May 14, 1771. Owen instituted a ten-hour work day in his socialist enterprise at New Lanark. By 1817 he had formulated the goal of the eight-hour day, so that workers could evenly divide twenty four hours between: "Eight hours' labor, Eight hours' recreation, Eight hours' rest".
1796 English country doctor Edward Jenner first used cowpox as a vaccine against smallpox on May 14, 1796. He took some pus from a cowpox blister on the fingers of a farmer's daughter, Sarah Nelmes and scratched it with a lancet into the skin of the left arm 8-year-old James Phipps. Two months later he exposed the boy to smallpox, but he didn't get the disease. Jenner named the process vaccination, which came from the Latin vaccinus, meaning "from cows."
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| Dr Edward Jenner performing his first vaccination. Painting by Ernest Board (early 20th century). |
1800 The U.S. Congress first met in New York City on March 4, 1789, putting the United States Constitution into effect. The U.S. Congress moved from New York City to Congress Hall, a building near the intersection of Chestnut and 6th Streets in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in December 1790. It served as the seat of the United States Congress from that date to May 14, 1800.
1804 President Thomas Jefferson commissioned an expedition shortly after the Louisiana Purchase in 1803 to explore and to map the newly acquired territory, to find a practical route across the western half of North America to the Pacific Ocean. The leaders of the expedition Meriwether Lewis and Lieutenant William Clark left St. Louis with 33 volunteers on May 14, 1804. They arrived at the Pacific Coast of Oregon in November 1805 and returned to St Louis September 1806.
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| Route of the expedition |
1811 Paraguay overthrew the local Spanish administration on May 14, 1811. Paraguay's first dictator was José Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia who ruled Paraguay from 1814. For the next 24 years, until his death in 1840 he ran the country with the aid of only three other people, with very little outside contact or influence. He intended to create a Utopian society based on the French theorist Jean-Jacques Rousseau's Social Contract. Francia is still considered a national hero.
1832 Felix Mendelssohn's The Hebrides Overture also known as "Fingal's Cave" was premiered on May 14, 1832 in London. The work was inspired by the German composer's tour of Scotland in 1829. Mendelssohn was enchanted by the country, especially the scenery in Staffa, an island in the Hebrides archipelago located off the Scottish coast. Fingal's Cave itself is a cavern on Staffa and the opening bars of the famous theme were actually written the day before the composer visited the cave.
1842 The Illustrated London News is generally accepted to be the world's first illustrated newspaper. The first issue was published on May 14, 1842 priced at sixpence selling 26,000 copies. The newspaper was founded by Herbert Ingram, a British newspaper publisher. The Illustrated London News played a significant role in revolutionizing journalism by introducing visual images alongside written articles, providing readers with a new and engaging way of consuming news.
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| Fingal's Cave |
1842 The Illustrated London News is generally accepted to be the world's first illustrated newspaper. The first issue was published on May 14, 1842 priced at sixpence selling 26,000 copies. The newspaper was founded by Herbert Ingram, a British newspaper publisher. The Illustrated London News played a significant role in revolutionizing journalism by introducing visual images alongside written articles, providing readers with a new and engaging way of consuming news.
1900 Competitions at the 1900 Olympic Games held at the Paris Exposition began on May 14 and ended five months later on October 28. The 1900 Olympic Games did not have a stadium, but were notable for being the first time women took part in the Games. The first sportswomen to compete in the Paris Games were Mme. Brohy and Mlle. Ohnier of France in croquet. The first female champion was Charlotte Cooper of Great Britain in tennis.
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| French contestant at the 1900 Olympic Games tennis tournament, |
1904 Hans Albert Einstein, the first son of Albert Einstein and Mileva Marić, was born on May 14, 1904. Hans became a professor of hydraulic engineering at the University of California, Berkeley, after having little interaction with his father during his childhood.
1913 American billionaire John D Rockefeller founded the philanthropic Rockefeller foundation on May 14, 1913 with the largest gift of money (to that time) of $100,000,000. Rockefeller used the large amounts of money he had to do various things, including donating to schools, starting the University of Chicago and the Central Philippine University in the Philippines, funding important medical research, and giving the land for the General Assembly Building of the United Nations.
1915 On May 14, 1918 Sgt Henry "Black Death" Johnson fought off a German raid in hand-to-hand combat, killing multiple German troops and rescuing a fellow soldier while experiencing 21 wounds. Johnson was the first American in World War I to be awarded the Croix De Guerre by France, but racism was still a barrier in his own country and Johnson was never recognized by the U.S. until he was awarded the Medal of Honor by President Barack Obama in a 2015 posthumous ceremony.
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| Henry Lincoln Johnson in uniform |
1919 Henry J. Heinz, founder of the H J Heinz Company, died on May 14, 1919. Henry Heinz started manufacturing baked beans in 1895. He advertised them as "oven-baked beans in a pork and tomato sauce." In 1896 he introduced the slogan '57 Varieties' for his company. H. J. Heinz Company was actually manufacturing over 60 products but he believed the number "57" had a magical quality.
1923 Rudolph Valentino made his only two vocal recordings for Brunswick Records on May 14, 1923, while in New York City; "Kashmiri Song" (The Sheik) and "El Relicario" (Blood and Sand). The recordings were not a commercial success, but they did provide fans with a rare glimpse into Valentino's singing voice.
1929 England and Yorkshire cricketer Wilfred Rhodes took his 4000th first-class wicket on May 14, 1929 during a performance of 9 for 39 at Leyton; he is the only player in history to have reached that plateau. Wilfred Rhodes is considered one of the greatest all-rounders in the history of cricket, known for his exceptional skills as a left-arm spinner and a lower-order batsman. He had a long and successful career, playing for Yorkshire from 1898 to 1930 and representing England in 58 Test matches.
1939 Peruvian Lina Medina became on May 14, 1939 the youngest confirmed mother in medical history at the age of at the age of five years, seven months and 17 days. Medina's son weighed 6.0 lb at birth and was named Gerardo after her doctor. Gerardo was raised believing that Medina was his sister, but found out at the age of 10 that she was his mother. The biological father who impregnated Lina was never identified.
1948 The United Nations General assembly adopted the UN Resolution for an independent Palestinian Jewish state in 1947. The Arabs rejected this plan out of hand declaring their intention to "drive the Jews into the sea" once the British Mandatory powers left. The Jewish state of Israel was proclaimed on May 14, 1948. The day after the British left Palestine, Arab armies attacked the new nation. Contrary to every expectation the Jews were victorious and threw back the Arab armies.
1948 The establishment of the State of Israel on May 14, 1948 marked the culmination of efforts by the Zionist movement to create a homeland for the Jewish people. The Jewish people had been without a sovereign state for nearly two millennia since the destruction of the Second Temple in Jerusalem in 70 CE and subsequent dispersal. The establishment of Israel allowed Jews from around the world to return to their ancestral homeland and re-establish a nation on the land they consider historically and religiously significant
1951 The Talyllyn Railway is a narrow-gauge preserved railway running for 7.25 miles (11.67 km) on the Mid-Wales coast. The line was opened in 1865 to carry slate from the quarries at Bryn Eglwys to Tywyn, There was severe under-investment and in the early 1950s the Talyllyn Railway Preservation Society took control of the railway. It re-opened under the control of the Society for the first time on May 14, 1951, making it the first railway in the world to be operated by volunteers.
1952 22-year-old criminal Colin Groundwater was arrested and jailed as a result of his appearance on a TV program on May 14, 1952. During an appearance on What’s My Line? Groundwater gave his correct name and said his occupation was a frogman in the Orkneys. Just previously he had persuaded a bank official he had an account and had given his name as Stuart. The official saw ‘Stuart’ on TV and told police. Groundwater admitted obtaining a £1,275 motor vehicle by worthless checks.
1987 Hollywood actress Rita Hayworth died at her home from complications associated with Alzheimer's on May 14, 1987, at the age of 68. Her famous red hair was not her natural color (which was black). When Rita Hayworth was signed, studio heads decided that her hairline was too low on her forehead, and she underwent years of painful electrolysis to make it higher.
1991 Chairman Mao's last wife was failed actress Jiang Qing. When they married in 1938, it was agreed she would stay out of public politics for thirty years. Jiang abided by this agreement, but became active in politics in the mid 1960s and was the driving force behind the Cultural Revolution. After Mao died his megalomaniac wife was downgraded to a bus conductor and imprisoned by party authorities for her part in the Cultural Revolution. She committed suicide on May 14, 1991.
1987 Hollywood actress Rita Hayworth died at her home from complications associated with Alzheimer's on May 14, 1987, at the age of 68. Her famous red hair was not her natural color (which was black). When Rita Hayworth was signed, studio heads decided that her hairline was too low on her forehead, and she underwent years of painful electrolysis to make it higher.
1991 Chairman Mao's last wife was failed actress Jiang Qing. When they married in 1938, it was agreed she would stay out of public politics for thirty years. Jiang abided by this agreement, but became active in politics in the mid 1960s and was the driving force behind the Cultural Revolution. After Mao died his megalomaniac wife was downgraded to a bus conductor and imprisoned by party authorities for her part in the Cultural Revolution. She committed suicide on May 14, 1991.
1995 Panchen Lama is one of the most important figures in the Gelug school of Tibetan Buddhism, with its spiritual authority second only to Dalai Lama. Its their job to find and recognize each other's reincarnation. 6-year-old Gedhun Choekyi Nyima, was recognized as the 11th Panchen Lama by the Dalai Lama on May 14, 1995. Within three days, he and his family were kidnapped by the Chinese Government and he was replaced by a proxy. To this day he is missing.
1998 Frank Sinatra died at the Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles on May 14, 1998 at 10.50pm aged 82, after suffering a heart attack. His wife Barbara was at his side. Sinatra had been seriously ill for some time and had lived as a recluse in his final years. The lights on the Las Vegas Strip were dimmed - and the roulette wheels stopped spinning for a minute - to mark the passing of Ol' Blue Eyes. The words "The best is yet to come" are written on his tombstone.
2008 According to a report published by the Bank of Korea in 2008, there were 5,586 companies with over 200 years of history across 41 countries. Of these, 3,146 (56%) are in Japan, 837 (15%) in Germany, 222 (4%) in the Netherlands, and 196 (3%) in France. Of the companies with more than 100 years of history, most of them (89%) employ fewer than 300 people.
1998 Frank Sinatra died at the Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles on May 14, 1998 at 10.50pm aged 82, after suffering a heart attack. His wife Barbara was at his side. Sinatra had been seriously ill for some time and had lived as a recluse in his final years. The lights on the Las Vegas Strip were dimmed - and the roulette wheels stopped spinning for a minute - to mark the passing of Ol' Blue Eyes. The words "The best is yet to come" are written on his tombstone.
2008 According to a report published by the Bank of Korea in 2008, there were 5,586 companies with over 200 years of history across 41 countries. Of these, 3,146 (56%) are in Japan, 837 (15%) in Germany, 222 (4%) in the Netherlands, and 196 (3%) in France. Of the companies with more than 100 years of history, most of them (89%) employ fewer than 300 people.
2017 Femi Kuti, the son of legendary Nigerian musician Fela Kuti, set the world record for longest sustained saxophone note on May 14, 2017. He held a note for 51 minutes and 35 seconds at the New Africa Shrine in Lagos, Nigeria. Kuti used the circular breathing technique to hold the note, which is a technique that allows saxophonists to play notes for extended periods of time without having to breathe.
2022 The original print of Le Violon d'Ingres by Man Ray set a new record for the most expensive photograph when it sold for $12,400,000 on May 14, 2022, at Christie's New York. The photograph was created in 1924 and is considered to be one of the most iconic works of surrealist photography. It depicts the nude back of model Kiki de Montparnasse with two f-holes painted on to make her body resemble a violin.
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