1581 Bayinnaung Kyawhtin Nawrahta was king of Toungoo Dynasty of Burma (Myanmar) from April 30, 1550 to his death on October 10, 1581. During his 31-year reign, Bayinnaung assembled the largest empire in the history of Southeast Asia, which included much of modern-day Burma, Chinese Shan states, Lan Na, Lan Xang, Manipur and Siam.
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| Statue of Bayinnaung in front of the National Museum. Author Phyo WP Wikipedia |
1598 By The Edict of Nantes, issued by King Henry IV on April 30, 1598, the Huguenots (the French Protestant Reformed Church) were guaranteed freedom of worship in certain French towns where they were allowed to build churches and open schools and universities. In exchange they had to swear to "serve the King well and faithfully in the exercise of their duties."
1612 Mumtaz Mahal was a Persian princess who was the chief consort of the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan. Their marriage took place on April 30, 1612, and the pair was very much a love-match. Mumtaz Mahal died in 1631 after giving birth to her fourteenth child and Shah Jahan would spend the next two decades building his beloved wife's mausoleum, the Taj Mahal. It required the labor of 20,000 stone carvers, masons and artists from all over India and Central Asia.
1662 Mary II of England was born at St. James's Palace in London on April 30, 1662. She was the eldest daughter of James, Duke of York (the future James II), and his first wife, Anne Hyde. Mary's uncle was King Charles II, Although her mother bore eight children, all except Mary and her younger sister Anne died very young, and King Charles II had no legitimate children. Consequently, for most of her childhood, Mary was second in line to the throne after her father.
1789 George Washington was elected as America's first President in 1789 as a Federalist. Washington won 69 electoral votes, John Adams 34 votes. No one else received more than nine. He was inaugurated on April 30, 1789. As president, Washington pulled in a salary of $25,000 a year. That's roughly $1 million in today's currency. Apparently excited by his newfound purchasing power, Washington started living it up, reportedly buying leopard-skin robes for all his horses.
1789 George Washington had to borrow $100 to pay for his trip to his presidential inauguration in New York. As he was sworn in at his inauguration on April 30, 1789, Washington added, "I swear, so help me God" and kissed the Bible. He then announced the first national Thanksgiving. At the time of his inauguration Washington was the only head of state in a major country who was not a crowned monarch.
1792 English politician John Montagu, The Fourth Earl of Sandwich, died on April 30, 1792.
A notorious gambler, he often went from pub to pub in London on gambling marathons. To satisfy his hunger, while continuing to gamble, Montagu ordered roast beef between pieces of bread for a snack while he was at the gaming tables; it allowed him to keep one hand free to play while he ate. This became known as the "sandwich".
1803 In 1800, Napoleon Bonaparte acquired Louisiana from Spain in the Treaty of San Ildefonso, hoping to create a new empire centered on the Caribbean sugar trade. However, when the army led by Napoleon's brother-in-law Leclerc was defeated, the French emperor decided to sell Louisiana. The United States purchased the Louisiana Territory from France for $15 million or less than US$0.03 per acre on April 30, 1803. The Louisiana Purchase more than doubled the size of the young nation.
1804 British Army officer Henry Shrapnel first demonstrated his invention of what he called "spherical case" ammunition: a hollow cannonball which exploded in the air, spewing out lead shot in 1787. After his weapon's success in battle at Fort New Amsterdam, Suriname, on April 30, 1804, Shrapnel was promoted to lieutenant colonel. Henry Shrapnel's surname is now synonymous with fragmentation from, or caused by, artillery.
1812 The Gas Light and Coke Company was the first gas company in the world to provide a public supply and also the first ever public utility company. It was founded by Frederick Albert Winsor in London and incorporated by Royal Charter on April 30, 1812. It is identified as the original company from which British Gas plc is descended.
1846 Sir James Horlick was born was born in England on April 30, 1844. In 1873 Horlick, joined his brother, William where they began to manufacture a patented malted milk drink as an artificial infant food. It was an instant success and by the early 1880s they had developed and patented a method for mixing the malted barley and wheat with whole milk and turning it into a powder by evaporation.
In 1887 the Horlicks brothers' drink was trademarked as "malted milk."
1859 Set in London and Paris before and during the French Revolution, A Tale of Two Cities was first published in weekly installments from April 30, 1859 to November 1859 in Charles Dickens' literary periodical All the Year Round. All but three of Dickens's previous novels had appeared only as monthly installments.
1867 A sheepdog trial is a competitive dog sport in which herding dogs move sheep around a field, fences, gates, or enclosures as directed by their handlers. The first ever dog trials were held in Wanaka, New Zealand, on April 30, 1867. Australia also has a long history of dog trialing, with a kelpie named Brutus reported in the local paper in Young, New South Wales, as winning a sheepdog trial in 1871.
1888 Giant hailstones, some the size of oranges, fell on the Indian town of Moradabad on April 30, 1888. Some sources suggest that as many as 246 people were killed by the hailstones, while others suggest a lower number. It also destroyed crops and livestock, and it left many people homeless.
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| The Edict of Nantes |
1612 Mumtaz Mahal was a Persian princess who was the chief consort of the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan. Their marriage took place on April 30, 1612, and the pair was very much a love-match. Mumtaz Mahal died in 1631 after giving birth to her fourteenth child and Shah Jahan would spend the next two decades building his beloved wife's mausoleum, the Taj Mahal. It required the labor of 20,000 stone carvers, masons and artists from all over India and Central Asia.
1662 Mary II of England was born at St. James's Palace in London on April 30, 1662. She was the eldest daughter of James, Duke of York (the future James II), and his first wife, Anne Hyde. Mary's uncle was King Charles II, Although her mother bore eight children, all except Mary and her younger sister Anne died very young, and King Charles II had no legitimate children. Consequently, for most of her childhood, Mary was second in line to the throne after her father.
1789 George Washington was elected as America's first President in 1789 as a Federalist. Washington won 69 electoral votes, John Adams 34 votes. No one else received more than nine. He was inaugurated on April 30, 1789. As president, Washington pulled in a salary of $25,000 a year. That's roughly $1 million in today's currency. Apparently excited by his newfound purchasing power, Washington started living it up, reportedly buying leopard-skin robes for all his horses.
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| Washington's inauguration |
1789 George Washington had to borrow $100 to pay for his trip to his presidential inauguration in New York. As he was sworn in at his inauguration on April 30, 1789, Washington added, "I swear, so help me God" and kissed the Bible. He then announced the first national Thanksgiving. At the time of his inauguration Washington was the only head of state in a major country who was not a crowned monarch.
1792 English politician John Montagu, The Fourth Earl of Sandwich, died on April 30, 1792.
A notorious gambler, he often went from pub to pub in London on gambling marathons. To satisfy his hunger, while continuing to gamble, Montagu ordered roast beef between pieces of bread for a snack while he was at the gaming tables; it allowed him to keep one hand free to play while he ate. This became known as the "sandwich".
1803 In 1800, Napoleon Bonaparte acquired Louisiana from Spain in the Treaty of San Ildefonso, hoping to create a new empire centered on the Caribbean sugar trade. However, when the army led by Napoleon's brother-in-law Leclerc was defeated, the French emperor decided to sell Louisiana. The United States purchased the Louisiana Territory from France for $15 million or less than US$0.03 per acre on April 30, 1803. The Louisiana Purchase more than doubled the size of the young nation.
1804 British Army officer Henry Shrapnel first demonstrated his invention of what he called "spherical case" ammunition: a hollow cannonball which exploded in the air, spewing out lead shot in 1787. After his weapon's success in battle at Fort New Amsterdam, Suriname, on April 30, 1804, Shrapnel was promoted to lieutenant colonel. Henry Shrapnel's surname is now synonymous with fragmentation from, or caused by, artillery.
1812 The Gas Light and Coke Company was the first gas company in the world to provide a public supply and also the first ever public utility company. It was founded by Frederick Albert Winsor in London and incorporated by Royal Charter on April 30, 1812. It is identified as the original company from which British Gas plc is descended.
1846 Sir James Horlick was born was born in England on April 30, 1844. In 1873 Horlick, joined his brother, William where they began to manufacture a patented malted milk drink as an artificial infant food. It was an instant success and by the early 1880s they had developed and patented a method for mixing the malted barley and wheat with whole milk and turning it into a powder by evaporation.
In 1887 the Horlicks brothers' drink was trademarked as "malted milk."
1859 Set in London and Paris before and during the French Revolution, A Tale of Two Cities was first published in weekly installments from April 30, 1859 to November 1859 in Charles Dickens' literary periodical All the Year Round. All but three of Dickens's previous novels had appeared only as monthly installments.
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| Cover of serial Vol. V, 1859 |
1867 A sheepdog trial is a competitive dog sport in which herding dogs move sheep around a field, fences, gates, or enclosures as directed by their handlers. The first ever dog trials were held in Wanaka, New Zealand, on April 30, 1867. Australia also has a long history of dog trialing, with a kelpie named Brutus reported in the local paper in Young, New South Wales, as winning a sheepdog trial in 1871.
1888 Giant hailstones, some the size of oranges, fell on the Indian town of Moradabad on April 30, 1888. Some sources suggest that as many as 246 people were killed by the hailstones, while others suggest a lower number. It also destroyed crops and livestock, and it left many people homeless.
1897 English physicist J.J. Thomson of the Cavendish Laboratory in Cambridge was the first to suggest that one of the fundamental units was much much smaller than an atom, suggesting the subatomic particle now known as the electron. Thomson announced his discovery of the electron as a subatomic particle, over 1,800 times smaller than a proton (in the atomic nucleus), at a lecture at the Royal Institution in London on April 30, 1897.
1918 Nicholas II chose to abdicate as Russian Tsar at the end of the "February Revolution" of 1917. After the Bolsheviks seized power in October 1917 there was increased talk of putting Nicholas on trial. On April 30, 1918 Nicholas and his family were imprisoned in the two-story Ipatiev House in the town of Yekaterinburg. The Romamov's new home was ominously referred to as the "house of special purpose". Two and a half months later they were all killed by a firing squad.
1925 Horace and John Dodge began as bicycle manufacturers in Ontario, Canada, before moving to Detroit in 1901 to open a machine shop for the manufacture of automobile parts. In 1914 the Dodge brothers expanded to make their own automobiles, which won acclaim for durability during the U.S. Army's expedition into Mexico. Dodge Brothers Inc was sold to Dillon, Read & Co. on April 30, 1925 for US$146 million plus $50 million for charity, before being sold to Chrysler in 1928.
1938 The first televised FA Cup Final took place on April 30, 1938 between Huddersfield Town and Preston North End. Preston won 1-0 thanks to a penalty dispatched by George Mutch in the last minute of extra time. More people - 93,000 - saw the game at Wembley than on TV, as there were fewer than 10,000 sets in Britain.
1939 Franklin Roosevelt's speech at the opening session of the New York World's Fair on April 30, 1939, was one of the earliest examples of a president speaking on television. The aristocratic Roosevelt was the first politician to learn how to use the microphone properly with his common man fireside chats on the radio which inspired his people.
1945 By April 30, 1945 as World War II neared its end in Europe, Soviet troops were within a block or two of the Reich Chancellery. Adolf Hitler shot himself dead in a sitting room of a bunker moments after Eva Braun bit into a cyanide capsule. Their bodies were carried up the stairs and through the bunker's emergency exit to the bombed-out garden behind the Reich Chancellery. Hitler's corpse was imperfectly cremated, and some remains were not burned away.
1948 The first Land Rover made by the Rover motor car manufacturing company went on display at the Amsterdam Motor Show on April 30, 1948. It was designed by a farmer and intended for agricultural use. Early Land Rover models were made from both steel and aluminium, due to the rationing of steel and post-war abundance of aluminium, which had been used to make aircraft.
1952 Dutch teenager Anne Frank kept a diary between June 1942 and August 1, 1944, chronicling how she and her family were forced into hiding from the Gestapo in some concealed rooms. When her diary was published in 1947, it was an immediate success, with millions of readers were touched by the teenager's indomitable spirit. Anne's diary was translated from its original Dutch version and first published in English on April 30, 1952 as The Diary of a Young Girl.
1963 In the UK, the Bristol Omnibus Company, which operated the city's bus services, had a policy of not employing Black or Asian bus crews. This discriminatory policy was challenged by the newly-formed West Indian Development Council, which began a boycott of the company's buses on April 30, 1963, The boycott ultimately succeeded in forcing the Bristol Omnibus Company to change its policy and begin hiring Black and Asian bus crews, drawing national attention to racial discrimination in Britain.
1975 Communist forces finally gained control of the South Vietnam capital, Saigon (now Ho Chi Minh City) on April 30, 1975. The Vietnam War formally ended with the unconditional surrender of South Vietnamese president Duong Van Minh. April 30 is a public holiday in Vietnam celebrated as Reunification Day.
1988 Tom Hanks and Rita Wilson met in the early 1980s when they were both working on the ABC sitcom Bosom Buddies. They began dating in 1985, and were married on April 30, 1988, in a ceremony that took place in Los Angeles. Before marrying Rita Wilson, Hanks converted to the Greek Orthodox Church, the religion of Wilson and her family.
2008 The giant panda Ling Ling who had been given to Japan by the Chinese in 1992 died aged 22 on April 30, 2008. Ling Ling served as an important symbol of friendship between the two countries. Despite being a male panda, Ling Ling's name meant "darling little girl" in Chinese.
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