1073 An able and astute administrator, Hildebrand Bonizi became much admired in his role as adviser to successive popes. On the day of the death of Pope Alexander II lay people and clergy alike went into the streets and proclaimed "Hildebrand, bishop!" The cardinals were called together by one of their number and they ratified the choice of the crowd and on April 22, 1073, Hildebrand became Pope Gregory VII.
1500 On April 22, 1500, Portuguese explorer Pedro Álvares Cabral and his crew became the first Europeans to land in Brazil when they anchored at Monte Pascoal. On landing there, Cabral built a wooden cross and together with his crew they knelt before it and kissed it. This was to demonstrate to the natives their veneration for the cross. Cabral named this new land, “Vera Cruz,” meaning “True Cross,” though it soon became known as ‘Brazil’ after the brazilwood found on the coast.
1616 Incurably ill of dropsy, Don Quixote author Miguel de Cervantes was formally initiated into the Franciscan order in April 1616. Shortly before his death Cervantes wrote, "Good-bye pleasant fancies, for I perceive that I am dying. My wish is to see you happy in the other life. " Cervantes died of dropsy on April 22, 1616, just after completing Persiles y Sigismonde and was buried clad in his Franciscan habit at the Convent Church of Trinitarian Nuns in the Calle de Cantarranas in Madrid.
1707 English playwright, novelist and magistrate Henry Fielding was born at Sharpham near Glastonbury in Somerset on April 22, 1707. His masterpiece Tom Jones was published in 1749. Fielding's humorous depiction of characters from all ranks of society drew in part on his experiences as a justice of the peace at Westminster.
1500 On April 22, 1500, Portuguese explorer Pedro Álvares Cabral and his crew became the first Europeans to land in Brazil when they anchored at Monte Pascoal. On landing there, Cabral built a wooden cross and together with his crew they knelt before it and kissed it. This was to demonstrate to the natives their veneration for the cross. Cabral named this new land, “Vera Cruz,” meaning “True Cross,” though it soon became known as ‘Brazil’ after the brazilwood found on the coast.
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| Romantic depiction of Cabral's first landing in Brazil |
1616 Incurably ill of dropsy, Don Quixote author Miguel de Cervantes was formally initiated into the Franciscan order in April 1616. Shortly before his death Cervantes wrote, "Good-bye pleasant fancies, for I perceive that I am dying. My wish is to see you happy in the other life. " Cervantes died of dropsy on April 22, 1616, just after completing Persiles y Sigismonde and was buried clad in his Franciscan habit at the Convent Church of Trinitarian Nuns in the Calle de Cantarranas in Madrid.
1707 English playwright, novelist and magistrate Henry Fielding was born at Sharpham near Glastonbury in Somerset on April 22, 1707. His masterpiece Tom Jones was published in 1749. Fielding's humorous depiction of characters from all ranks of society drew in part on his experiences as a justice of the peace at Westminster.
1778 Lancashire weaver and carpenter James Hargreaves died April 22, 1778. He invented a machine in 1764 called a spinning jenny. Before the spinning jenny, spinning was done by hand and was a slow and laborious process. Hargreaves' machine allowed a single operator to spin eight threads at the same time,, greatly increasing the speed and efficiency of textile production. The spinning jenny was particularly useful for spinning cotton, which was becoming an increasingly important textile fiber during the 18th century.
1823 Robert John Tyers of London applied for the first patent for roller skates on April 22, 1823. The fruit seller's "Volito" ("I voltigiere" in Latin) inline skates were made of wood and metal and had five wheels in a single row. While an exhibition of Tyers' skates was given in Haymarket, London, the invention did not become popular, although roller skates were used in a ballet performance in Bordeaux.
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| Roller skates in the United States around 1905 |
1870 Vladimir "Volodya" Ilych Ulyanov was born on April 22, 1870 in the Russian city of Simbirsk (renamed Ulyanovsk in 1924) on the Volga. He adopted the name of Lenin in December 1901 to hide his identity from the police, possibly taking the River Lena as a basis. Lenin was a key figure in the Bolshevik Party and the Russian Revolution of 1917. After the Bolsheviks seized power, he became the first head of the Soviet government and led the country through its early years of communist rule.
1889 On April 22, 1889, the western part of Oklahoma was opened to almost 50,000 settlers for the Oklahoma Land Run. At high noon on April 22, thousands rushed to claim a piece of the available two million acres (8,000 km2) in the Unassigned Lands. Within hours the cities of Oklahoma City and Guthrie were formed with populations of at least 10,000.
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| A land rush in progress |
1896 After Julia Tuttle brought her family to live where the city of Miami is now located, she induced railroad tycoon Henry Flagler to expand his Florida East Coast Railway railroad to the newly founded settlement. Tuttle supplied Flagler with the land for a hotel and a railroad station for free, and they split the remainder of her 640 acres in alternating sections. On April 22, 1896, the train service of the Florida East Coast Railway came to the area.
1915 The use of poison gas in World War I escalated when chlorine gas was released as a chemical weapon in the Second Battle of Ypres on April 22, 1915. At 17:30, in a slight easterly breeze, the gas was released by the Germans, forming a gray-green cloud that drifted across positions held by French Colonial troops from Martinique who broke ranks and abandoned their trenches.
1944 Helicopters were used in warfare for the first time when the 1st Air Commando Group used a Sikorsky R-4 on April 22-23, 1944 for a combat search and rescue operation in the China-Burma-India border area. The mission was a success, and the use of helicopters in warfare quickly became more common.
1969 On April 22, 1969, Sir Robin Knox-Johnston became the first person to sail solo and non-stop around the world by winning the Sunday Times Golden Globe Race, which challenged sailors to circumnavigate the Earth without any outside help. He completed the race in 312 days on his yacht Suhaili, returning to Falmouth, England.
1969 John Lennon changed his middle name to Ono on April 22, 1969 in honor of his wife. They recorded the song "John And Yoko" the same day. As part of the track, Lennon and Ono recorded their heartbeats using a sensitive hospital microphone. They then stood at a pair of microphones and called each others’ names for 22 minutes.
1970 The first widespread Earth Day Celebration took place on April 22, 1970. 20 million Americans filled parks and took to the streets in a nationwide teach-in and protest about critical environmental issues facing the world. The April 22, 1970 Earth Day fell by coincidence on the 100th anniversary of Lenin's birthday, which led some Americans to denounce it as a communist plot. April 22, 1970 is often cited as the start of the modern environmental movement.
1972 The first people to row across the Pacific Ocean were Britons John Fairfax and Sylvia Cook. They reached Australia on April 22, 1972, 362 days after setting off from San Francisco, surviving shark bites and cyclones. The pair was fortified en route with Spam and malted milk.
1984 American landscape photographer Ansel Adams died from cardiovascular disease on April 22, 1984, in the Intensive-care unit at the Community Hospital of the Monterey Peninsula in Monterey, California, at age 82. Adams was known for his stunning black-and-white photographs of the American West, particularly Yosemite National Park, which helped to inspire a new generation of photographers and artists.
1995 'Miss Dromedary,' a beauty contest for camels, was first held in Saudi Arabia on April 22, 1995. Emir Sultan ibn Mohammad ibn Saud al-Kebir donated the $500,000 prize money. The competition was held in the town of Rimah, north of Riyadh, and attracted breeders and camel enthusiasts from all over the world. The contest was judged based on various criteria, including the camel's beauty, grace, and pedigree.
2016 The Paris Agreement is an agreement within the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change dealing with the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions around the world, starting in the year 2020. 174 world leaders signed the agreement at the UN headquarters in New York on April 22, 2016, the most member signatories in a single day.
2019 Brazilian pоlіce seized a parrot on April 22, 2019, who had been taught to alert criminals to pоlіce operations. The bird had been taught to alert criminals in Vila Irmã Dulce in the Piauí state, by shouting: “Mum, the police!” After being seized, the parrot didn't cooperate with the pоlіce, staying completely silent and not saying anything.
2020 The British textile design company Laura Ashley filed for administration in March 2020 due to a significant drop in sales. On April 22, 2020, Gordon Brothers, an investment firm, acquired the Laura Ashley brand name, archives, and intellectual property. They relaunched the company six moths later.
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