1472 The first printed edition of Dante Alighieri's Divine Comedy, which includes the Inferno, Purgatorio, and Paradiso, was published on April 11, 1472. This edition was printed in Foligno, Italy, by Johann Neumeister and Evangelista Angelini. The Divine Comedy remains a landmark work of Italian literature and one of the greatest poetic works in world literature.
1554 Thomas Wyatt was beheaded on April 11, 1554. after leading a rebellion against Queen Mary I 76 days earlier, Wyatt had gathered 4,000 men intending to depose Mary in favor of Princess Elizabeth. On reaching London, Wyatt was defeated and captured. . Before his execution, Wyatt exculpated the Princess Elizabeth of any blame.
1612 Edward Wightman was the last Briton to be burnt at the stake for his religious beliefs on April 11, 1612. In 1611 the English radical Anabaptist, Edward Wightman presented a petition to King James I, annotating his views. It was Wightman's public rejection of Trinitarianism, which spelled his end. The martyr claimed that the doctrine of the Trinity was a total fabrication, stating that Christ was only a man "and a mere Creature and not both God and man in one person."
1689 On April 11, 1689, William III (Prince of Orange) and Mary II were crowned at Westminster as joint monarchs by the Bishop of London. (The Archbishop of Canterbury refused to officiate). Mary II, governed the realm for William, while he was away fighting, but acted on his advice. Each time he returned to England, Mary gave up her power to him unbegrudgingly. There was a widespread admiration in Britain for Mary and less so for the often absent William.
1713 During the War of the Spanish Succession, an Anglo-Dutch force captured Gibraltar, which was then a Spanish territory, in 1704. The capture of Gibraltar was a strategic victory for the Allied forces, as it gave them control of the entrance to the Mediterranean Sea. Under the terms of the Treaty of Utrecht, which was signed on April 11, 1713, Spain ceded Gibraltar to Britain in perpetuity.
1727 Johann Sebastian Bach's St Matthew Passion was first performed on April 11, 1727 in Leipzig's St. Thomas Church. The manuscript for the passion only came to light a hundred years later when it was bought as wrapping paper from the estate of a deceased cheese-monger. The work was not heard outside of Leipzig until the twenty-year old Felix Mendelssohn conducted the Passion in Berlin in 1829, with the Berlin Singakademie, to great acclaim.
1814 Napoleon Bonaparte and the French army had a huge defeat when they lost the Battle of Leipzig between October 16-19 1813. Napoleon had no choice but to abdicate in favor of his son. However, the Allies refused to accept this and the Treaty of Fontainebleau forced Napoleon to abdicate unconditionally on April 11, 1814. He said: "There is no personal sacrifice [I am] not willing to make for France." The victors exiled him to the Mediterranean island of Elba.
1855 London's first pillar box was erected on the corner of Fleet St and Farringdon St. Green with 10 collections a day on April 11, 1855. Five other pillar boxes appeared in London that day by the postal service. Red became the official color of UK post boxes in 1874. The earliest boxes were green to fit in with natural surroundings, but many people complained they couldn’t find them.
1868 The Tokugawa Shogunate, which had been in power in Japan since 1603, was abolished on April 11, 1868, after a power struggle that involved various factions, including supporters of the emperor and supporters of the shogun. The conflict was part of a broader movement known as the Meiji Restoration, which aimed to modernize Japan and restore imperial rule. Following the abolition of the shogunate, power was formally restored to the emperor, who took the name Meiji Tenno.
1899 In 1898, during the Spanish-American war, Puerto Rico was invaded by U.S. forces. The United States took possession of the island. The Spanish–American War ended with the signing of the Treaty of Paris, which came into effect on April 11, 1899. Its clauses included Spain ceding Puerto Rico to the USA. and for the next 53 years, it became a felony to display the Puerto Rican Flag.
1909 Tel Aviv was founded on April 11, 1909 by Jewish immigrants on the outskirts of the ancient port city of Jaffa. It was planned as an independent Hebrew city with wide streets and boulevards, running water at each house and street lights. It is the second most populous Israeli city after Jerusalem.
1921 Kaiser Wilhelm II's wife was Princess Augusta Victoria of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg. She represented a point of stability in his life and gave birth to six sons and a daughter. The shock of exile and abdication, combined with the breakdown of her youngest son Joachim's marriage and his subsequent suicide, proved too much for Augusta's health. She died on April 11, 1921, in House Doorn at Doorn in the Netherlands.
1954 April 11, 1954 was officially the most boring and uneventful day of the 20th century, according to an extensive study of over 300 million events. The study, conducted by William Tunstall-Pedoe, a Cambridge computer scientist, found that no major events occurred on that day, and that no notable people were born or died. The only significant event that took place was a general election in Belgium.
1969 Prince Charles passed his driving test at the first attempt in a red Rover 2000 at Isleworth, Middlesex on April 11, 1969. The prince had been driving since the age of ten on the grounds of Balmoral, Sandringham and Windsor.
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| Early 1540s portrait by Holbein of Thomas Wyatt The Younger |
1612 Edward Wightman was the last Briton to be burnt at the stake for his religious beliefs on April 11, 1612. In 1611 the English radical Anabaptist, Edward Wightman presented a petition to King James I, annotating his views. It was Wightman's public rejection of Trinitarianism, which spelled his end. The martyr claimed that the doctrine of the Trinity was a total fabrication, stating that Christ was only a man "and a mere Creature and not both God and man in one person."
1689 On April 11, 1689, William III (Prince of Orange) and Mary II were crowned at Westminster as joint monarchs by the Bishop of London. (The Archbishop of Canterbury refused to officiate). Mary II, governed the realm for William, while he was away fighting, but acted on his advice. Each time he returned to England, Mary gave up her power to him unbegrudgingly. There was a widespread admiration in Britain for Mary and less so for the often absent William.
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| Mary II and William III |
1713 During the War of the Spanish Succession, an Anglo-Dutch force captured Gibraltar, which was then a Spanish territory, in 1704. The capture of Gibraltar was a strategic victory for the Allied forces, as it gave them control of the entrance to the Mediterranean Sea. Under the terms of the Treaty of Utrecht, which was signed on April 11, 1713, Spain ceded Gibraltar to Britain in perpetuity.
1727 Johann Sebastian Bach's St Matthew Passion was first performed on April 11, 1727 in Leipzig's St. Thomas Church. The manuscript for the passion only came to light a hundred years later when it was bought as wrapping paper from the estate of a deceased cheese-monger. The work was not heard outside of Leipzig until the twenty-year old Felix Mendelssohn conducted the Passion in Berlin in 1829, with the Berlin Singakademie, to great acclaim.
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| Title page of Bach's autograph score of the St Matthew Passion |
1814 Napoleon Bonaparte and the French army had a huge defeat when they lost the Battle of Leipzig between October 16-19 1813. Napoleon had no choice but to abdicate in favor of his son. However, the Allies refused to accept this and the Treaty of Fontainebleau forced Napoleon to abdicate unconditionally on April 11, 1814. He said: "There is no personal sacrifice [I am] not willing to make for France." The victors exiled him to the Mediterranean island of Elba.
1855 London's first pillar box was erected on the corner of Fleet St and Farringdon St. Green with 10 collections a day on April 11, 1855. Five other pillar boxes appeared in London that day by the postal service. Red became the official color of UK post boxes in 1874. The earliest boxes were green to fit in with natural surroundings, but many people complained they couldn’t find them.
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| Early UK John Butt box type PB1/1 in Haverfordwest Town Museum |
1868 The Tokugawa Shogunate, which had been in power in Japan since 1603, was abolished on April 11, 1868, after a power struggle that involved various factions, including supporters of the emperor and supporters of the shogun. The conflict was part of a broader movement known as the Meiji Restoration, which aimed to modernize Japan and restore imperial rule. Following the abolition of the shogunate, power was formally restored to the emperor, who took the name Meiji Tenno.
1899 In 1898, during the Spanish-American war, Puerto Rico was invaded by U.S. forces. The United States took possession of the island. The Spanish–American War ended with the signing of the Treaty of Paris, which came into effect on April 11, 1899. Its clauses included Spain ceding Puerto Rico to the USA. and for the next 53 years, it became a felony to display the Puerto Rican Flag.
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| John Hay, Secretary of State, signing the memorandum of ratification on behalf of the US |
1909 Tel Aviv was founded on April 11, 1909 by Jewish immigrants on the outskirts of the ancient port city of Jaffa. It was planned as an independent Hebrew city with wide streets and boulevards, running water at each house and street lights. It is the second most populous Israeli city after Jerusalem.
1921 Kaiser Wilhelm II's wife was Princess Augusta Victoria of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg. She represented a point of stability in his life and gave birth to six sons and a daughter. The shock of exile and abdication, combined with the breakdown of her youngest son Joachim's marriage and his subsequent suicide, proved too much for Augusta's health. She died on April 11, 1921, in House Doorn at Doorn in the Netherlands.
1954 April 11, 1954 was officially the most boring and uneventful day of the 20th century, according to an extensive study of over 300 million events. The study, conducted by William Tunstall-Pedoe, a Cambridge computer scientist, found that no major events occurred on that day, and that no notable people were born or died. The only significant event that took place was a general election in Belgium.
1973 North Korea Supreme Leader Kim Jong-il's treatise titled On the Art of the Cinema was published on April 11, 1973. This work outlines Kim Jong-il's views on filmmaking and cinema, emphasizing the role of cinema in promoting socialist ideology and revolution. Every filmmaker in North Korea was forced to read it. According to North Korean sources, Kim published some 890 works during a period of his career from June 1964 to June 1994.
1976 Just 11 days after setting up their company, Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak began selling the Apple 1 computer on April 11, 1976. It was sold as an assembled circuit board and lacked basic features such as a keyboard, monitor, and case. It retailed for a bizarrely priced $666.66. The Apple I desktop computer was created with money Steve Jobs raised selling his VW Microbus.
1979 Idi Amin had been the President of Uganda since a military coup in 1971, and his regime was characterized by human rights abuses, political repression, and economic mismanagement. By 1978, his rule had become increasingly unpopular, and various opposition groups had formed a coalition known as the UNLF, which received support from Tanzania. On April 11, 1979, Kampala, the capital city of Uganda, fell to the Tanzanian army and the UNLF, leading to the collapse of Amin's regime.
1976 Just 11 days after setting up their company, Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak began selling the Apple 1 computer on April 11, 1976. It was sold as an assembled circuit board and lacked basic features such as a keyboard, monitor, and case. It retailed for a bizarrely priced $666.66. The Apple I desktop computer was created with money Steve Jobs raised selling his VW Microbus.
1979 Idi Amin had been the President of Uganda since a military coup in 1971, and his regime was characterized by human rights abuses, political repression, and economic mismanagement. By 1978, his rule had become increasingly unpopular, and various opposition groups had formed a coalition known as the UNLF, which received support from Tanzania. On April 11, 1979, Kampala, the capital city of Uganda, fell to the Tanzanian army and the UNLF, leading to the collapse of Amin's regime.
2001 Archie Thompson set the world record for goals scored by a footballer in an international match with 13 on April 11, 2001, as Australia played American Samoa in Coffs Harbour in a qualifier for the 2002 World Cup. Thompson's incredible performance helped Australia to a 31-0 victory, which remains the largest margin of victory in an international football match. The match also saw other records being set, including the fastest ever hat-trick in international football.
2008 Mayda Insula is an island in the Kraken Mare, a body of liquid composed primarily of methane, on Saturn's largest moon Titan. Mayda Insula was discovered by the Cassini–Huygens mission to Saturn on April 11, 2008. It is the first island (insula) to be named on a planet or moon other than Earth.
2009 Roger Federer first properly spent time with former Women's Tennis Association player Mirka Vavrinec when both were competing for Switzerland in the 2000 Sydney Olympics. They married at Wenkenhof Villa in Riehen near Basel on April 11, 2009. On 23 July 2009, Mirka gave birth to identical twin girls, Myla Rose and Charlene Riva. On May 6, 2014, the Federers had another set of twins, this time boys whom they named Leo and Lennart, called Lenny.
2016 The Evergreen Point Floating Bridge carries Washington State Route 520 across Lake Washington from Seattle to its eastern suburbs. The 7,710-foot-long (2,350 m) floating span is the longest floating bridge in the world, The bridge opened on April 11, 2016 and replaced another floating bridge of the same name at the site, which was 130 feet (40 m) shorter.
2019 Amidst mass protests against his government, Omar al-Bashir was ousted as President of Sudan in a military coup d'état on April 11, 2019 after nearly 30 years in office. The coup was led by Sudan's military forces, and a transitional military council was established to govern the country for a period of two years before a civilian government was to be installed.
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