1295 After the Scots made an alliance with France, Edward I of England responded by invading Scotland. He captured and sacked Berwick-Upon-Tweed (see below) on March 30, 1296 in a particularly bloody attack. The English king decided to make an example of the town and massacred all its inhabitants.
1520 Ferdinand Magellan founded Puerto San Julian in Argentina on March 30, 1520 and wintered there during his round the world trip. There they came across a race of primitive giants, which Magellan named Patagonian (meaning big feet). He left Puerto San Julian on August 21, 1520 and two months later found the eastern entrance to the Magellan Strait.
1842 The first ever operation on a patient using ether anaesthesia was performed by Dr. Crawford Long on March 30, 1842. He administered ether while removing two tumors from the neck of James Venable, who felt no pain during the surgery. This was groundbreaking as prior to the operation, surgery was a painful and often traumatic experience for patients, and many procedures had to be performed quickly to minimize suffering.
1853 Vincent van Gogh was born on March 30, 1853 in Groot-Zundert, a village close to Breda, in the predominantly Catholic province of North Brabant in the southern Netherlands. He was the oldest surviving child of Theodorus van Gogh and Anna Cornelia Carbentus. Vincent was given the name of a brother stillborn exactly a year before his birth. He felt unwanted as a child feeling he was a substitute for the other Vincent who his parents had tragically lost.
1856 The Crimean War was officially ended by the Treaty of Paris, signed on March 30, 1856. The treaty made the Black Sea neutral territory, closing it to all warships, and prohibiting fortifications and the presence of armaments on its shores. 19,600 Britons died in the Crimean War of which 15,700 were due to disease. However Florence Nightingale and the other nurses succeeded in reducing the Crimean War Hospital death rate from 42% to 2%.
1858 Philadelphia stationer Hymen Lipman conceived the all-in-one pencil eraser, an innovation that earned him a patent on March 30, 1858. Lipman sold his patent to Joseph Reckendorfer for $100,000 four years later. An interesting feature of Lipman's design was that the eraser was installed within the wood of the pencil, opposite to the writing end. In this manner, the pencil could be sharpened at both ends to refresh its graphite or eraser core.
1862 Victor Hugo began planning a major novel about social misery and injustice as early as the 1830s, but it would take many years for Les Misérables to be realized and the first part was finally published on March 30, 1862. Les Misérables was an almost immediate success. The first Parisian edition of 7,000 copies sold out within 24 hours. The book earned Hugo's publisher half a million francs in its first six years.
1867 The Austria-Hungary union was established on March 30, 1867 in the aftermath of the Austro-Prussian War. It consisted of two monarchies (Austria and Hungary), and one autonomous region
The agreement brought massive economic growth, but after the defeat in World War I, the Kingdom was abolished.
1867 The United States purchased Alaska for $7.2 million or about 2 cents an acre on March 30, 1867. The United States Senate ratified the treaty with Russia for the purchase of Alaska on April 9, 1867. It was passed by a single vote. It became an organized (or incorporated) territory on May 11, 1912, and the 49th state of the U.S. on January 3, 1959.
1876 Clifford Whittingham Beers the founder of the American mental hygiene movement, was born in New Haven, Connecticut, USA on March 30, 1876. Beers trained as a scientist at Yale and suffered severe episodes of depression. He was maltreated and abused during his confinement at various private and state mental institutions. His autobiographic book, The Mind That Found Itself, called for a true therapeutic approach to mental illness instead of just custodial care.
1902 Built by the old Pennsylvania Railroad, the Rockville Bridge in Harrisburg opened on March 30, 1902. It is the longest longest stone masonry arch railroad viaduct in the world. The bridge is considered an icon of railroad engineering—it is 3,820 feet long, composed of 220,000 tons of stone, and took 800 laborers two years to build.
1905 Albert Pierrepoint, long-serving hangman in England, was born on March 30, 1905. Albert Pierrepoint was the most prolific UK hangman of the 20th century (435 executions) and became a celebrity. Yet he concluded in his memoirs that hanging was "not a deterrent."
1909 The Queensboro Bridge, the first double-decker bridge, opened in New York City on March 30, 1909. Designed by the engineer Gustav Lindenthal, it spans the East River, connecting the boroughs of Manhattan and Queens. The lower level of the bridge carries four lanes of traffic, while the upper level carries pedestrian and bicycle paths, making it an important transportation hub for the city.
1926 IKEA founder Ingvar Kamprad was born on March 30, 1926. He first started selling matchboxes as a child, before selling fountain pens, cigarette lighters and nylon stockings. The then-17-year-old Ingvar Kamprad founded IKEA in 1943 as a mostly mail-order sales business, selling replicas of his uncle's kitchen table. The company's name is an acronym that consists of the initials of Ingvar Kamprad, Elmtaryd, the farm in south Sweden on which grew up and Agunnaryd, the nearby village.
1930 March 30 is National Doctors' Day in the US, which commemorates the vital role played by physicians in improving individual lives and communities. The first celebration was held on March 30, 1933, in Winder, Georgia. Eudora Brown Almond, the wife of Dr. Charles B. Almond, initiated the idea to honor doctors, and the date was chosen to mark the anniversary of the first use of general anaesthesia in surgery.
1520 Ferdinand Magellan founded Puerto San Julian in Argentina on March 30, 1520 and wintered there during his round the world trip. There they came across a race of primitive giants, which Magellan named Patagonian (meaning big feet). He left Puerto San Julian on August 21, 1520 and two months later found the eastern entrance to the Magellan Strait.
1842 The first ever operation on a patient using ether anaesthesia was performed by Dr. Crawford Long on March 30, 1842. He administered ether while removing two tumors from the neck of James Venable, who felt no pain during the surgery. This was groundbreaking as prior to the operation, surgery was a painful and often traumatic experience for patients, and many procedures had to be performed quickly to minimize suffering.
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| Dr Crawford Long |
1853 Vincent van Gogh was born on March 30, 1853 in Groot-Zundert, a village close to Breda, in the predominantly Catholic province of North Brabant in the southern Netherlands. He was the oldest surviving child of Theodorus van Gogh and Anna Cornelia Carbentus. Vincent was given the name of a brother stillborn exactly a year before his birth. He felt unwanted as a child feeling he was a substitute for the other Vincent who his parents had tragically lost.
1856 The Crimean War was officially ended by the Treaty of Paris, signed on March 30, 1856. The treaty made the Black Sea neutral territory, closing it to all warships, and prohibiting fortifications and the presence of armaments on its shores. 19,600 Britons died in the Crimean War of which 15,700 were due to disease. However Florence Nightingale and the other nurses succeeded in reducing the Crimean War Hospital death rate from 42% to 2%.
1858 Philadelphia stationer Hymen Lipman conceived the all-in-one pencil eraser, an innovation that earned him a patent on March 30, 1858. Lipman sold his patent to Joseph Reckendorfer for $100,000 four years later. An interesting feature of Lipman's design was that the eraser was installed within the wood of the pencil, opposite to the writing end. In this manner, the pencil could be sharpened at both ends to refresh its graphite or eraser core.
1862 Victor Hugo began planning a major novel about social misery and injustice as early as the 1830s, but it would take many years for Les Misérables to be realized and the first part was finally published on March 30, 1862. Les Misérables was an almost immediate success. The first Parisian edition of 7,000 copies sold out within 24 hours. The book earned Hugo's publisher half a million francs in its first six years.
1867 The Austria-Hungary union was established on March 30, 1867 in the aftermath of the Austro-Prussian War. It consisted of two monarchies (Austria and Hungary), and one autonomous region
The agreement brought massive economic growth, but after the defeat in World War I, the Kingdom was abolished.
1867 The United States purchased Alaska for $7.2 million or about 2 cents an acre on March 30, 1867. The United States Senate ratified the treaty with Russia for the purchase of Alaska on April 9, 1867. It was passed by a single vote. It became an organized (or incorporated) territory on May 11, 1912, and the 49th state of the U.S. on January 3, 1959.
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| The US $7.2 million check used to pay for Alaska |
1876 Clifford Whittingham Beers the founder of the American mental hygiene movement, was born in New Haven, Connecticut, USA on March 30, 1876. Beers trained as a scientist at Yale and suffered severe episodes of depression. He was maltreated and abused during his confinement at various private and state mental institutions. His autobiographic book, The Mind That Found Itself, called for a true therapeutic approach to mental illness instead of just custodial care.
1902 Built by the old Pennsylvania Railroad, the Rockville Bridge in Harrisburg opened on March 30, 1902. It is the longest longest stone masonry arch railroad viaduct in the world. The bridge is considered an icon of railroad engineering—it is 3,820 feet long, composed of 220,000 tons of stone, and took 800 laborers two years to build.
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| Rockville Bridge By Don Kasak from St. Louis, MO, US |
1905 Albert Pierrepoint, long-serving hangman in England, was born on March 30, 1905. Albert Pierrepoint was the most prolific UK hangman of the 20th century (435 executions) and became a celebrity. Yet he concluded in his memoirs that hanging was "not a deterrent."
1909 The Queensboro Bridge, the first double-decker bridge, opened in New York City on March 30, 1909. Designed by the engineer Gustav Lindenthal, it spans the East River, connecting the boroughs of Manhattan and Queens. The lower level of the bridge carries four lanes of traffic, while the upper level carries pedestrian and bicycle paths, making it an important transportation hub for the city.
1926 IKEA founder Ingvar Kamprad was born on March 30, 1926. He first started selling matchboxes as a child, before selling fountain pens, cigarette lighters and nylon stockings. The then-17-year-old Ingvar Kamprad founded IKEA in 1943 as a mostly mail-order sales business, selling replicas of his uncle's kitchen table. The company's name is an acronym that consists of the initials of Ingvar Kamprad, Elmtaryd, the farm in south Sweden on which grew up and Agunnaryd, the nearby village.
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| The first Ikea store in Älmhult, Sweden. Photo by Christian Koehn |
1930 March 30 is National Doctors' Day in the US, which commemorates the vital role played by physicians in improving individual lives and communities. The first celebration was held on March 30, 1933, in Winder, Georgia. Eudora Brown Almond, the wife of Dr. Charles B. Almond, initiated the idea to honor doctors, and the date was chosen to mark the anniversary of the first use of general anaesthesia in surgery.
1937 Warren Beatty, the American actor, director, and producer, was born as Henry Warren Beaty on March 30, 1937, in Richmond, Virginia. His parents, Kathlyn Corinne and Ira Owens Beaty, were both teachers. Beatty is known for his iconic roles in films such as Bonnie and Clyde, Reds, and Heaven Can Wait, among others.
1939 On March 30, 1939, DC Comics published its second major superhero in Detective Comics #27; he was Batman, one of the most popular comic book superheroes of all time. He made his first appearance under the name "Bat-Man." Batman’s civilian alter ego, billionaire Bruce Wayne, was named after two historical figures — Robert the Bruce and U.S. War of Independence General ‘Mad Anthony’ Wayne.
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| Detective Comics #27 (May 1939). The first appearance of Batman. Art by Bob Kane. Wikipedia |
1945 Rock guitarist Eric Clapton was born in Ripley, Surrey on March 30, 1945. He was the illegitimate son of a Canadian soldier Edward Walter Fryer, who returned to his wife in Canada before he was born and his 16-year-old mother Patricia Molly Clapton. Clapton was brought up by his maternal grandparents Rose and Jack Clapp believing that his mother was his sister.
1954 The Yonge-University-Spadina line, also known as Line 1, is the oldest and busiest subway line in Toronto, Canada. It opened to the public on March 30, 1954, and initially consisted of just a single track that ran between Union Station in downtown Toronto and Eglinton Avenue. Over the years, the line has been expanded and modernized, and today it spans a total of 38 stations and more than 38 kilometers, connecting the downtown core with the northern suburbs of the city.
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| Opening ceremony of Younge line By Special Collections Toronto Public Library from Toronto, Canada |
1970 The American Thoroughbred Secretariat was born on March 30, 1970. In 1973, he became the first Triple Crown winner in 25 years. He was such a dominant race horse partly because his heart weighed roughly two and a half times that of an average horse's. Secretariat's ample girth, long back and well made neck contributed to his heart-lung efficiency.
1971 The very first Starbucks café opened at 2000 Western Avenue Seattle, Washington on March 30, 1971. Its founders Jerry Baldwin, Zev Siegl and Gordon Bowker were friends from the University of San Francisco. Starbucks is named after Starbuck, the chief mate in Herman Melville’s classic novel Moby Dick. The first Starbucks cafe moved to 1912 Pike Place, Seattle in 1976; never to be relocated again.
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| The Starbucks store at 1912 Pike Place. By Diego Delso |
1981 In the early spring of 1981, several members of the quickly growing Polish Solidarity movement were brutally beaten up by the country's security services. A four-hour national warning strike took place on March 27; it was the biggest strike in the history of the Eastern Bloc, during which at least 12 million Poles walked off their jobs. On March 30, 1981, a day before the proposed national strike, the government of Poland reached agreement with Solidarity.
1981 Two months into his presidency, Ronald Reagan was shot and seriously injured outside a Washington, DC, hotel by John W. Hinckley Jnr on March 30, 1981. White House press secretary James Brady, a Secret Service agent, and a District of Columbia police officer also were wounded.
John Hinckley claimed that he attempted to kill Ronald Reagan in order to impress the actress Jodie Foster.
2000 New Zealander Jayne Bleackley gave birth to Joseph Robert on September 3, 1999, and Annie Jessica Joyce on March 30, 2000. The babies were born only 208 days apart, setting the record for the shortest interval between two children who weren't twins.
2001 Michael Phelps broke the world record in the 200-meter butterfly at the World Championship Trials for the World Aquatics Championships, on March 30, 2001. He became at 15 years and 9 months, the youngest male ever to set a swimming world record. Previously this had been Ian Thorpe, who lowered the 400-meter freestyle world record at 16 years, 10 months.
2002 Prince Albert, the Duke of York, married Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon, the youngest daughter of Scottish aristocrat Claude Bowes-Lyon at Westminster Abbey on April 26, 1923. It was the first royal wedding at the abbey since 1383. The Duke and Duchess of York had two children, Elizabeth II and Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon. Queen Elizabeth, the Queen Mother, died peacefully in her sleep at the Royal Lodge at Windsor on March 30, 2002. She was 101 years old.
2019 The world's youngest club DJ is Archie Norbury, also known by his stage name DJ Archie. He achieved the Guinness World Record title for youngest club DJ at the impressive age of 4 years and 130 days when he did an unassisted hour-long set at Hong Kong nightclub 'Bungalow' on March 30, 2019, entertaining the enthusiastic crowd with a series of classic house dance music tracks.
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