845 The French city of Paris was sacked by Viking raiders, probably under the legendary Ragnar Lodbrok on March 29, 845. They withdrew once they had been paid a ransom of 7,000 French livres (2,570 kilograms or 5,670 pounds) of silver and gold from Charles the Bald.
1461 When Henry VI of England started suffering periods of mental illness in the mid 1450s, disaffected nobles who had grown in power during the king's reign took matters into their own hands by backing the claims of the rival House of York for the throne, due to York's better descent from Edward III. Thus the Wars of the Roses began. Henry was deposed on March 29, 1461 by the victory at Towton of the Duke of York's son, Edward of York, who then became King Edward IV.
1549 The Brazilian city of Salvador da Bahia was founded on March 29, 1549 by a fleet of Portuguese settlers headed by Thomé de Souza, the first Governor-General of Brazil. Built on a high cliff overlooking All Saints bay as the first colonial capital of colonial Brazil, it quickly became its main sea port and an important center of the sugar industry and the slave trade. It is now the third largest city in the country, after São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro.
1561 Santorio Santorii was born on March 29, 1561. The Venetian physiologist, physician, and professor was the first person to accurately measure the pulse rate and also invented the pulsilogium, a form of pendulum, based on the work by Galileo Galilei. The pulsilogium was probably the first machine of precision in medical history. Extensive experimentation with his new tool allowed Santorio to derive the circadian rhythm (24 hour cycle) of the cardiac frequency.
1708 The satirist Jonathan Swift used the name Isaac Bickerstaff to discredit the astrologer John Partridge. In January 1708, he wrote "Predictions for the ensuing year by Isaac Bickerstaff" asserting that on March 29, 1708 Partridge would die. Swift followed up with a pamphlet issued on March 30th claiming that Partridge had in fact died, which was widely believed despite Partridge's statements to the contrary. In asserting that he was still alive, Partridge covered himself with ridicule.
1788 The hymn writer Charles Wesley died on March 29, 1788 aged 80 in London. He uttered his last words, "I shall be satisfied with Thy likeness—satisfied, satisfied!" before dying. Charles Wesley wrote over 6000 hymns, more than any other male. (Fanny Crosby wrote 8,000). It is said Methodism was born in song and Charles was the chief songwriter.
1790 John Tyler, the tenth President of the United States, was born on March 29, 1790 at Greenway Plantation, Charles City County, Virginia, U.S. He was born the same day as his future running mate, William Henry Harrison. John was reared with his two brothers and five sisters, on Greenway Plantation, a 1,200-acre (5 km2) estate with a six-room manor house his father had built.
1790 Until the late 18th century, shoes were commonly fastened with buckles. The modern shoelace along with holes in the shoe was perfected by Harvey Kennedy in England. He took out a patent for his "invention" on March 29, 1790.
1795 Beethoven's Piano Concerto No. 2 in B-flat major was an important display piece for the young German composer. He was the soloist at its premiere on March 29, 1795, at Vienna's Burgtheater in a concert marking his public debut. Prior to that, he had performed only in the private salons of the Viennese nobility.
1820 The "Father of the Railways," George Stephenson, married for the second time on March 29, 1820, when he wed Betty Hindmarsh at Newburn. The marriage seems to have been happy, but there were no children and Betty died in 1845. Stephenson got married for the third time to his housekeeper three years later.
1848 After moving to the US from Germany John Jacob Astor entered the fur trade and built a monopoly, becoming America's first multi-millionaire. Seeing the decline of demand, Astor got out of the fur trade in 1830, diversifying by investing in New York City real estate. When he died on March 29, 1848 Astor was the wealthiest person in the United States, leaving an estate estimated to be worth at least $20 million.
1862 The Knights of Columbus, the world's largest Catholic fraternal service organization, was founded on March 29, 1862. Originally serving as a mutual benefit society to working class and immigrant Catholics in the United States, The Knights of Columbus developed into a fraternal benefit society dedicated to providing charitable services, promoting Catholic education and Catholic public policy positions, and actively defending Catholicism in various nations.
1871 The Prince Albert-planned Great Exhibition had 13,500 exhibitions and constituted at its time the largest assembly of people collected together for one purpose. Instead of the loss initially predicted, the Exhibition made a profit of £186,000, Part of the profits of the Great Exhibition went to build the Royal Albert Hall, which was originally conceived by Prince Albert as a hall of art and sciences. The concert hall was officially opened by Queen Victoria on March 29, 1871.
1886 John Pemberton, a former Confederate officer turned pharmacist, created a new beverage at his Atlanta Pemberton Chemical Company on March 29, 1886. It was called Coca-Cola after two of its ingredients, coca leaves and kola nuts. Pemberton started selling his carbonated beverage five weeks later touting it as a cure for headaches, hysteria and melancholia. The Coca-Cola Company, then known as the Pemberton Medicine Company, was incorporated in Atlanta in 1889.
1886 Early specimens of the Irish Setter probably originated in Ireland in early 1700s. They were imported into USA in the late 1800s. The Breed Standard for the modern Irish Setter was first drawn up by the Irish Red Setter Club in Dublin and approved on March 29, 1886.
1890 Kaiser Wilhelm II disagreed with his father's long-time Chancellor, Otto von Bismarck, and dismissed him in 1890. The phrase ‘Dropping the Pilot’ meaning to dispense with a valued leader originated in Prussia on March 29, 1890 when a Punch cartoon showed Kaiser Wilhelm II leaning over the side of the ship as Otto Bismarck dressed as a pilot walked down the steps to disembark.
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| A Viking siege of Paris, 9th century portrayal |
1461 When Henry VI of England started suffering periods of mental illness in the mid 1450s, disaffected nobles who had grown in power during the king's reign took matters into their own hands by backing the claims of the rival House of York for the throne, due to York's better descent from Edward III. Thus the Wars of the Roses began. Henry was deposed on March 29, 1461 by the victory at Towton of the Duke of York's son, Edward of York, who then became King Edward IV.
1549 The Brazilian city of Salvador da Bahia was founded on March 29, 1549 by a fleet of Portuguese settlers headed by Thomé de Souza, the first Governor-General of Brazil. Built on a high cliff overlooking All Saints bay as the first colonial capital of colonial Brazil, it quickly became its main sea port and an important center of the sugar industry and the slave trade. It is now the third largest city in the country, after São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro.
1561 Santorio Santorii was born on March 29, 1561. The Venetian physiologist, physician, and professor was the first person to accurately measure the pulse rate and also invented the pulsilogium, a form of pendulum, based on the work by Galileo Galilei. The pulsilogium was probably the first machine of precision in medical history. Extensive experimentation with his new tool allowed Santorio to derive the circadian rhythm (24 hour cycle) of the cardiac frequency.
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| Sanctorio sitting in the balance that he made to calculate his net weight |
1708 The satirist Jonathan Swift used the name Isaac Bickerstaff to discredit the astrologer John Partridge. In January 1708, he wrote "Predictions for the ensuing year by Isaac Bickerstaff" asserting that on March 29, 1708 Partridge would die. Swift followed up with a pamphlet issued on March 30th claiming that Partridge had in fact died, which was widely believed despite Partridge's statements to the contrary. In asserting that he was still alive, Partridge covered himself with ridicule.
1788 The hymn writer Charles Wesley died on March 29, 1788 aged 80 in London. He uttered his last words, "I shall be satisfied with Thy likeness—satisfied, satisfied!" before dying. Charles Wesley wrote over 6000 hymns, more than any other male. (Fanny Crosby wrote 8,000). It is said Methodism was born in song and Charles was the chief songwriter.
1790 John Tyler, the tenth President of the United States, was born on March 29, 1790 at Greenway Plantation, Charles City County, Virginia, U.S. He was born the same day as his future running mate, William Henry Harrison. John was reared with his two brothers and five sisters, on Greenway Plantation, a 1,200-acre (5 km2) estate with a six-room manor house his father had built.
1790 Until the late 18th century, shoes were commonly fastened with buckles. The modern shoelace along with holes in the shoe was perfected by Harvey Kennedy in England. He took out a patent for his "invention" on March 29, 1790.
1795 Beethoven's Piano Concerto No. 2 in B-flat major was an important display piece for the young German composer. He was the soloist at its premiere on March 29, 1795, at Vienna's Burgtheater in a concert marking his public debut. Prior to that, he had performed only in the private salons of the Viennese nobility.
1820 The "Father of the Railways," George Stephenson, married for the second time on March 29, 1820, when he wed Betty Hindmarsh at Newburn. The marriage seems to have been happy, but there were no children and Betty died in 1845. Stephenson got married for the third time to his housekeeper three years later.
1862 The Knights of Columbus, the world's largest Catholic fraternal service organization, was founded on March 29, 1862. Originally serving as a mutual benefit society to working class and immigrant Catholics in the United States, The Knights of Columbus developed into a fraternal benefit society dedicated to providing charitable services, promoting Catholic education and Catholic public policy positions, and actively defending Catholicism in various nations.
1871 The Prince Albert-planned Great Exhibition had 13,500 exhibitions and constituted at its time the largest assembly of people collected together for one purpose. Instead of the loss initially predicted, the Exhibition made a profit of £186,000, Part of the profits of the Great Exhibition went to build the Royal Albert Hall, which was originally conceived by Prince Albert as a hall of art and sciences. The concert hall was officially opened by Queen Victoria on March 29, 1871.
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| The first performance at the Hall. March 29, 1871 |
1886 John Pemberton, a former Confederate officer turned pharmacist, created a new beverage at his Atlanta Pemberton Chemical Company on March 29, 1886. It was called Coca-Cola after two of its ingredients, coca leaves and kola nuts. Pemberton started selling his carbonated beverage five weeks later touting it as a cure for headaches, hysteria and melancholia. The Coca-Cola Company, then known as the Pemberton Medicine Company, was incorporated in Atlanta in 1889.
1886 Early specimens of the Irish Setter probably originated in Ireland in early 1700s. They were imported into USA in the late 1800s. The Breed Standard for the modern Irish Setter was first drawn up by the Irish Red Setter Club in Dublin and approved on March 29, 1886.
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| Irish Setter Pixiebay |
1890 Kaiser Wilhelm II disagreed with his father's long-time Chancellor, Otto von Bismarck, and dismissed him in 1890. The phrase ‘Dropping the Pilot’ meaning to dispense with a valued leader originated in Prussia on March 29, 1890 when a Punch cartoon showed Kaiser Wilhelm II leaning over the side of the ship as Otto Bismarck dressed as a pilot walked down the steps to disembark.
1911 American firearms designer John Browning's single-action, semi-automatic pistol, the M1911, received formal adoption by the United States Army on March 29, 1911. Serving as the standard military sidearm for the U.S., the M1911 retained its position until 1986.
1912 Robert Falcon Scott and his team reached the South Pole on January 17, 1912, only to find Roald Amundsen and his Norwegian expedition had beaten them by 33 days. The deflated party began the 800-mile (1,300 km) return journey two days later, during which Scott and his four comrades died from exhaustion, starvation and extreme cold. Scott's s last diary entry read "It seems a pity, but I do not think I can write any more." He is presumed to have died on March 29, 1912.
1936 On March 29, 1936, a referendum was held in Germany to ratify the country's illegal reoccupation of the Rhineland. Adolf Hitler received an astounding 99% of the votes, with 44.5 million votes out of 45.5 million registered voters in favor of the reoccupation. This was a significant moment in Hitler's rise to power, as it demonstrated the extent of his popularity and control over the German people.
1912 Robert Falcon Scott and his team reached the South Pole on January 17, 1912, only to find Roald Amundsen and his Norwegian expedition had beaten them by 33 days. The deflated party began the 800-mile (1,300 km) return journey two days later, during which Scott and his four comrades died from exhaustion, starvation and extreme cold. Scott's s last diary entry read "It seems a pity, but I do not think I can write any more." He is presumed to have died on March 29, 1912.
1945 George Orwell married Eileen O'Shaughnessy in 1936. A teacher and trainee educational psychologist, Eileen was sophisticated, intelligent with large blue eyes. They tried to have children, but Eileen did not become pregnant and they learnt later that Orwell was sterile. In June 1944 Eileen and Eric adopted a three-week-old boy they named Richard Horatio. Eileen died aged 39 under anesthetic on March 29, 1945 after she'd gone into hospital for a hysterectomy.
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| Eileen O'Shaughnessy |
1974 On March 29, 1974, NASA's Mariner 10 became the first ever space probe to fly by the planet Mercury. Launched on November 3, 1973, it first flew to Venus and then, using Venus' gravity to modify its trajectory, swung around to visit the planet. Mariner 10 mapped about 45% of the planet’s surface from 1974 to 1975. The second probe to visit Mercury, the MESSENGER spacecraft, finished mapping the planet in March 2013.
1974 The Terracotta Army at the tomb of Qin Shi Huang Emperor of China contains numerous life-like soldiers and horses. The vast collection of terracotta statues, depicting the armies of Qin Shi Huang, was discovered by a group of farmers in Shaanxi province, China, on March 29, 1974. It is estimated that the three pits containing the statutes held more than 8,000 soldiers, 130 chariots with 520 horses and 150 cavalry horses. The tomb area covers about 38 square miles.
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| Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor, Hall 1. By Zossolino |
1980 Tony Blair met his future wife, Cherie Booth at the law chambers founded by Derry Irvine (who was to be Blair's first Lord Chancellor). A Roman Catholic and future Queens Counsel, Cherie is the daughter of the actor, Tony Booth. They married on March 29, 1980. and have four children: Euan, Nicholas, Kathryn, and Leo. Leo Blair was the first baby born to a sitting Prime Minister in 150 years.
1981 The first London marathon took place on March 29, 1981. 6,747 were accepted and 6,255 crossed the finish line on Constitution Hill. Around one million people lined the streets of Britain's capital to watch.
1992 On March 29, 1992, Bill Clinton, the Governor of Arkansas and future President of the United States, acknowledged on March 29, 1992 experimenting with marijuana "a time or two" while attending Oxford University, adding, "I didn't inhale and I didn't try it again." Clinton's statement was widely criticized and became a topic of controversy during his presidential campaign.
1999 Nelson Mandela gave his farewell speech on March 29, 1999. His term ended on June 14, 1999 and Thabo Mbeki succeeded Mandela as President of South Africa. In his speech, Mandela reflected on his presidency and the progress that South Africa had made since the end of apartheid, while also acknowledging the challenges that the country still faced.
2014 The first same-sex marriages in England and Wales took place on March 29, 2014, following the passing of the Marriage (Same Sex Couples) Act 2013. The act legalized same-sex marriage in England and Wales, and allowed couples who had previously entered into civil partnerships to convert their unions into marriages. The first same-sex marriage ceremony in England was held in Brighton, while the first in Wales took place in Cardiff.
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