1226 On March 9, 1226, amid intense conflict and with the assistance of local Muslims, the Seljuk Turk army, commanded by Jalal ad-Din Mingburnu, seized control of the city of Tiflis (now Tbilisi, the capital of Georgia). It is estimated that approximately 100,000 Georgian Christians lost their lives in the ensuing massacre within the city, including women, children, and the elderly.
1515 Saint Teresa of Avila was born in Avila, Spain on March 28, 1515. Her father, Alonso Sánchez de Cepeda, was a successful wool merchant and one of the wealthiest men in Ávila. At 16 Teresa was sent to board at an Augustine convent in her native town where she remained for 18 months. She then spent a few days at the house of an uncle whose pious conversation caused her to become a nun. Teresa entered a Carmelite Monastery of the Incarnation in Ávila on November 2, 1535.
1566 The foundation stone of Valletta, Malta's capital city, was laid on March 28, 1566 by Jean Parisot de Valette, Grand Master of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta. He described it as "a city built by gentlemen for gentlemen."
1584 Ivan IV Vasilyevich the Russian Tsar known as Ivan the Terrible died on March 28, 1584. He passed away from a stroke after sitting down to play a game of chess with his adviser, Bogdan Belsky When Ivan's tomb was opened during renovations in the 1960s, his remains were examined and discovered to contain very high amounts of mercury, indicating a high probability that he was poisoned, modern suspicion falling on Bogdan Belsky and his fellow adviser Boris Godunov.
1728 The philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau grew up in Geneva. One Sunday evening on March 28, 1728, the 16-year-old Rousseau returned late from an evening walk and found Geneva's city gates closed due to the curfew. Instead of waiting there till morning and resuming his duties with his engraver employer, Rousseau ran away. After travelling around France, he met his benefactress, the Baronnesse de Warens. Under her guidance, he developed his political and social philosophy.
1566 The foundation stone of Valletta, Malta's capital city, was laid on March 28, 1566 by Jean Parisot de Valette, Grand Master of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta. He described it as "a city built by gentlemen for gentlemen."
1584 Ivan IV Vasilyevich the Russian Tsar known as Ivan the Terrible died on March 28, 1584. He passed away from a stroke after sitting down to play a game of chess with his adviser, Bogdan Belsky When Ivan's tomb was opened during renovations in the 1960s, his remains were examined and discovered to contain very high amounts of mercury, indicating a high probability that he was poisoned, modern suspicion falling on Bogdan Belsky and his fellow adviser Boris Godunov.
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| Death of Ivan the Terrible by Ivan Bilibin (1935) |
1728 The philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau grew up in Geneva. One Sunday evening on March 28, 1728, the 16-year-old Rousseau returned late from an evening walk and found Geneva's city gates closed due to the curfew. Instead of waiting there till morning and resuming his duties with his engraver employer, Rousseau ran away. After travelling around France, he met his benefactress, the Baronnesse de Warens. Under her guidance, he developed his political and social philosophy.
1738 The world's oldest extant botanical society is the Linnean Society of London, which was founded on March 28, 1738. It was originally named the 'Theophilo-Britannica Society', but was renamed in 1788 in honor of Carolus Linnaeus, often referred to as the father of modern taxonomy. The Linnean Society played a crucial role in the development of scientific classification systems and has been a leading institution in the field of botanical research for over two centuries.
1757 King Louis XV of France survived an assassination attempt by Robert-François Damiens. Fetched from his prison cell on the morning of March 28, 1757, Damiens said "La journée sera rude" ("The day will be hard.") He then became the last person to be executed in the country by the dreadful punishment of drawing and quartering.
1796 Napoleon was born Napoleone Buonaparte in the old part of Ajaccio on the west coast of Corsica. He later adopted the more French-sounding Napoléon Bonaparte, the first known instance of which appears in an official report dated March 28, 1796.
1797 The earliest washing "machine" was the scrub board invented on March 28, 1797. The patent for "washing cloaths" was issued to Nathaniel Briggs of New Hampshire. Early washing machines from the 19th century were made of wood and were hand cranked; the washing was carried out in a tub by a reciprocating plunger or paddle.
1834 President Andrew Jackson removed federal deposits from the Second Bank of the United States, whose money-lending functions were taken over by the legions of local and state banks that materialized across America, thus drastically increasing credit and speculation. On March 28, 1834, the U.S. Senate voted to censure President Jackson for violating the US Constitution by his removal of federal deposits from the Second Bank.
1837 The German composer Felix Mendelssohn married Cécile Charlotte Sophie Jeanrenaud, the daughter of a French Reformed Church clergyman, on March 28, 1837. The couple had five children: Carl, Marie, Paul, Lili and Felix. Although Mendelssohn was a conforming Christian as a member of the Reformed Church, he was both conscious and proud of his Jewish ancestry and notably of his connection with his grandfather Moses Mendelssohn.
1854 The Crimean War begun in October 1853 between Russia and the Turkish-based Ottoman Empire. On March 28, 1854, after Russia ignored an Anglo-French ultimatum to withdraw from the Danubian Principalities, the UK and France formally declared war.
1757 King Louis XV of France survived an assassination attempt by Robert-François Damiens. Fetched from his prison cell on the morning of March 28, 1757, Damiens said "La journée sera rude" ("The day will be hard.") He then became the last person to be executed in the country by the dreadful punishment of drawing and quartering.
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| Damiens before his judges |
1796 Napoleon was born Napoleone Buonaparte in the old part of Ajaccio on the west coast of Corsica. He later adopted the more French-sounding Napoléon Bonaparte, the first known instance of which appears in an official report dated March 28, 1796.
1797 The earliest washing "machine" was the scrub board invented on March 28, 1797. The patent for "washing cloaths" was issued to Nathaniel Briggs of New Hampshire. Early washing machines from the 19th century were made of wood and were hand cranked; the washing was carried out in a tub by a reciprocating plunger or paddle.
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| 19th-century Metropolitan washing machine. By User:Itub |
1834 President Andrew Jackson removed federal deposits from the Second Bank of the United States, whose money-lending functions were taken over by the legions of local and state banks that materialized across America, thus drastically increasing credit and speculation. On March 28, 1834, the U.S. Senate voted to censure President Jackson for violating the US Constitution by his removal of federal deposits from the Second Bank.
1837 The German composer Felix Mendelssohn married Cécile Charlotte Sophie Jeanrenaud, the daughter of a French Reformed Church clergyman, on March 28, 1837. The couple had five children: Carl, Marie, Paul, Lili and Felix. Although Mendelssohn was a conforming Christian as a member of the Reformed Church, he was both conscious and proud of his Jewish ancestry and notably of his connection with his grandfather Moses Mendelssohn.
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| Mendelssohn's wife Cécile (1846) by Eduard Magnus |
1854 The Crimean War begun in October 1853 between Russia and the Turkish-based Ottoman Empire. On March 28, 1854, after Russia ignored an Anglo-French ultimatum to withdraw from the Danubian Principalities, the UK and France formally declared war.
1869 Neville Chamberlain was a British statesman who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1937 to 1940. Born on March 18, 1869, in Birmingham, England, Chamberlain hailed from a prominent political family; his father, Joseph Chamberlain, was a notable politician and statesman. Neville Chamberlain is perhaps best known for his policy of appeasement toward Nazi Germany in the lead-up to World War II.
1910 French aviator Henri Fabre became the first person to fly a seaplane, the Fabre Hydravion. He successfully took off from a water runway near Martigues, France on March 28, 1910 and flew the plane for a distance of about half a kilometer (a third of a mile). Remarkably, Fabre had no flying experience before that day.
1920 Hollywood superstars Douglas Fairbanks and Mary Pickford married on March 28, 1920. As a wedding gift, Fairbanks purchased a property in Beverly Hills and had a house built on it, which became known as Pickfair. The house was designed by architect Wallace Neff and was one of the largest and most lavish homes in the area at the time. One of the notable features of the property was its swimming pool in Beverly Hills, which was the first private swimming pool to be built in Beverly Hills.
1910 French aviator Henri Fabre became the first person to fly a seaplane, the Fabre Hydravion. He successfully took off from a water runway near Martigues, France on March 28, 1910 and flew the plane for a distance of about half a kilometer (a third of a mile). Remarkably, Fabre had no flying experience before that day.
1920 Hollywood superstars Douglas Fairbanks and Mary Pickford married on March 28, 1920. As a wedding gift, Fairbanks purchased a property in Beverly Hills and had a house built on it, which became known as Pickfair. The house was designed by architect Wallace Neff and was one of the largest and most lavish homes in the area at the time. One of the notable features of the property was its swimming pool in Beverly Hills, which was the first private swimming pool to be built in Beverly Hills.
1930 On March 28, 1930, the name of Constantinople, the capital city of the Ottoman Empire and later the Republic of Turkey, was officially changed to Istanbul by the Turkish government. The name Istanbul had been in use for centuries as a colloquial name for the city, but it became the official name after the change. On the same day, the city of Angora, which had been the capital of Turkey during the Ottoman Empire and the early years of the Republic, was officially renamed Ankara.
1939 During the Spanish Civil War Madrid, was a key stronghold for the Republicans, and it was the site of some of the fiercest fighting of the conflict. The city was also the target of bombing campaigns by the Nationalists, who were supported by fascist regimes in Germany and Italy. On November 14, 1936, Madrid became the first European city to be bombed by airplanes, when German and Italian planes dropped bombs on the city in support of Franco's forces.
1953 Jim Thorpe was considered one of the most versatile athletes of modern sports, he won Olympic gold medals in the 1912 pentathlon and decathlon, and played American football (collegiate and professional), professional baseball, and basketball. Thorpe suffered from alcoholism, and lived his last years in failing health and poverty. He died in Lomita, California from heart failure on March 28, 1953, and he was buried in a Pennsylvania town renamed in his honor.
1955 On March 28, 1955, at Eden Park, Auckland, New Zealand was bowled out by England in the second innings of the second test match for 26 runs. Only opener Bert Sutcliffe reached double figures, scoring 11 and only three batsmen scored more than 1. This total is still a record low in a Test Cricket international.
1958 The actress Elizabeth Taylor converted to Judaism on March 28, 1959, taking the Hebrew name Elisheba Rachel, a year after the death of her Jewish third husband Mike Todd. The ceremony, consisting of a prayer read in Hebrew by a rabbi with Miss Taylor replying, took place in the Temple Israel of Hollywood. She converted, she said, "because, in a way, it was what I told my husband I would do."
1969 On the morning of March 28, 1969, at the age of 78, American general and 34th President of the United States, Dwight D. Eisenhower, died in Washington, D.C. of congestive heart failure at Walter Reed Army Hospital. Eisenhower's body was returned to the National Cathedral three days later, where he was given an Episcopal Church funeral service.
1979 The China Syndrome was a 1979 American film that explored the potential dangers of nuclear power. The movie was released on March 16, 1979, and just 12 days later, on March 28, 1979, a real-life nuclear accident occurred at the Three Mile Island nuclear power plant in Pennsylvania, catapulting the movie into a blockbuster hit.
1958 The actress Elizabeth Taylor converted to Judaism on March 28, 1959, taking the Hebrew name Elisheba Rachel, a year after the death of her Jewish third husband Mike Todd. The ceremony, consisting of a prayer read in Hebrew by a rabbi with Miss Taylor replying, took place in the Temple Israel of Hollywood. She converted, she said, "because, in a way, it was what I told my husband I would do."
1969 On the morning of March 28, 1969, at the age of 78, American general and 34th President of the United States, Dwight D. Eisenhower, died in Washington, D.C. of congestive heart failure at Walter Reed Army Hospital. Eisenhower's body was returned to the National Cathedral three days later, where he was given an Episcopal Church funeral service.
1979 The China Syndrome was a 1979 American film that explored the potential dangers of nuclear power. The movie was released on March 16, 1979, and just 12 days later, on March 28, 1979, a real-life nuclear accident occurred at the Three Mile Island nuclear power plant in Pennsylvania, catapulting the movie into a blockbuster hit.
1986 Lady Gaga was born Stefani Germanotta on March 28, 1986. Young Stefani first learned to play piano by ear at the age of four (so she claims) and wrote her first piano ballad at the age of 13. She attended Convent of the Sacred Heart, the same private Manhattan Catholic school that Nicky and Paris Hilton attended. Gaga went on to study music at New York University's Tisch School of the Arts at the age 17 but dropped out to pursue her music career.
1990 Jessie Owens achieved international fame at the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin, Germany, by winning four gold medals: 100 meters, 200 meters, long jump, and 4 × 100-meter relay. As a black man, was credited with "single-handedly crushing Hitler's myth of Aryan supremacy". President George H. W. Bush posthumously awarded Jesse Owens the Congressional Gold Medal on March 28, 1990.
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