1489 The Queen of Cyprus, Catherine Cornaro, sold her kingdom to Venice on March 14, 1489. She ceded her rights as ruler of Cyprus to the Doge of Venice—and by extension the Venetian government as a whole—as she had no heir.
1757 The Royal Navy last executed one of their own Admirals, John Byng on March 14, 1757 for 'neglect of duty'. He had failed to save the British-controlled island of Minorca from attack by the French. Admiral Byng faced the firing squad with "cool courage" and was the first and last admiral sentenced to death.
1794 American inventor Eli Whitney was granted a patent for the cotton gin on March 14, 1794. This simple device quickly removed the tiny seeds from cotton. Prior to the cotton gin, a slave produced one pound of lint in ten hours. The cotton gin (see below) increased the yield to nearly 1,000 pounds per day, which caused the cotton-producing American states to increase their yield ten times over.
1805 After converting to Roman Catholicism, Elizabeth Ann Seton was received into the Catholic Church on March 14, 1805 by the Rev. Matthew O'Brien, pastor of St. Peter's Roman Catholic Church, New York. In 1809 she founded US's first Catholic religious order, the Sisters of Charity of St. Joseph in Emmitsburg, Maryland. and the following year Seton started the first Catholic school in the US. She was canonized on September 14, 1975, the first US-born citizen to become a saint.
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| Portrait of Caterina Cornaro by Titian, 1542 |
1757 The Royal Navy last executed one of their own Admirals, John Byng on March 14, 1757 for 'neglect of duty'. He had failed to save the British-controlled island of Minorca from attack by the French. Admiral Byng faced the firing squad with "cool courage" and was the first and last admiral sentenced to death.
1794 American inventor Eli Whitney was granted a patent for the cotton gin on March 14, 1794. This simple device quickly removed the tiny seeds from cotton. Prior to the cotton gin, a slave produced one pound of lint in ten hours. The cotton gin (see below) increased the yield to nearly 1,000 pounds per day, which caused the cotton-producing American states to increase their yield ten times over.
1805 After converting to Roman Catholicism, Elizabeth Ann Seton was received into the Catholic Church on March 14, 1805 by the Rev. Matthew O'Brien, pastor of St. Peter's Roman Catholic Church, New York. In 1809 she founded US's first Catholic religious order, the Sisters of Charity of St. Joseph in Emmitsburg, Maryland. and the following year Seton started the first Catholic school in the US. She was canonized on September 14, 1975, the first US-born citizen to become a saint.
1836 English journalist, editor and write Isabella Beeton, better known as Mrs. Beeton, was born on March 15, 1836 in Marylebone, London, to Benjamin Mayson, a linen factor merchant and his wife Elizabeth. Her 1861 book Mrs. Beeton's Book of Household Management contained recipes, diet and menu plans and practical advice on running a home. Isabella's Beeton's ground breaking book made her a household name.
1879 Albert Einstein was born on March 14, 1879 in Ulm, a city in the kingdom of Württemberg in the German empire. Albert was unable to speak until the age of three when at supper one night he broke his silence to say "The soup is too hot." His parents asked why he hadn't talked before. "Because up to now everything was in order," he replied. Young Albert was known as "Beider Meier" (Honest John) because of his prodigiously accurate way of speaking.
1883 Following the death of his wife Jenny, German philosopher and theorist Karl Marx developed a catarrh that kept him in ill health for the last 15 months of his life. It eventually brought on the bronchitis and pleurisy that killed him in London on March 14, 1883. He passed away while contemplating realms of statistics about the Russian economy. Family and friends in London buried his body in Highgate Cemetery, London, three days later.
1885 Gilbert & Sullivan's two-act operetta The Mikado opened on March 14, 1885, in London, where it ran at the Savoy Theatre for 672 performances, which was the second longest run for any work of musical theater and one of the longest runs of any theater piece up to that time. Before the end of 1885, it was estimated that, in Europe and America, at least 150 companies were producing the opera.
1889 Susan LaFlesche Picotte was the first Native American to earn a medical degree, graduating at the top of her class on March 14, 1889, after a rigorous three-year course of study. She went on to treat whites and Indians alike—despite rampant sexism and racism.
1893 The Waldorf Hotel opened on 33rd Street and Fifth Avenue in New York City on March 14, 1893. The luxury hotel was completed at a cost of $3 million. A grand hotel with over 450 guest rooms, and it quickly became known for its luxurious amenities, including electricity and private bathrooms in every room, which were considered rare at the time. The hotel was also home to several fine dining establishments, including the famous Waldorf Astoria restaurant.
1903 In January 1903, The Hay–Herrán Treaty was signed by US Secretary of State John M. Hay and Colombian Chargé Dr. Tomás Herrán granting the US a renewable lease in perpetuity from Colombia on the land proposed for the building of the Panama Canal. The treaty was ratified by the US Senate on March 14, 1903, but the Senate of Colombia did not ratify it. When Panama achieved full independence from Colombia, later in the year the USA bought the rights to build the Panama Canal.
1903 The first federal bird reservation was created by executive order of President Theodore Roosevelt on March 14, 1903. It was located on Pelican Island in the Indian River Lagoon east of Sebastian, Florida. The reservation was created to protect egrets and other birds from extinction through plume hunting.
1910 On March 14, 1910 an eruption of hydrocarbons from a pressurized oil well in the Midway-Sunset Oil Field in Kern County, California created the largest accidental oil spill in history. The Lakeview Gusher lasted 18 months and released nine million barrels (1.4×106 m3) of crude oil into the atmosphere.
1912 The name Oreo was first trademarked on March 14, 1912. Although the origin of the name "Oreo" is unknown, there are many theories. According to one Oreo executive, the name mimics the two O-shaped cookies that make the sandwich. Others claim the "re" comes from the "cream."
1931 Alam Ara, the first Bollywood film with sound, was released on March 14, 1931. The story was based on a very successful Parsi play of the same name. Alam Ara was a commercial success and helped to establish the Indian film industry as a major player in the world of cinema.
1879 Albert Einstein was born on March 14, 1879 in Ulm, a city in the kingdom of Württemberg in the German empire. Albert was unable to speak until the age of three when at supper one night he broke his silence to say "The soup is too hot." His parents asked why he hadn't talked before. "Because up to now everything was in order," he replied. Young Albert was known as "Beider Meier" (Honest John) because of his prodigiously accurate way of speaking.
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| Einstein at the age of 3 in 1882 |
1883 Following the death of his wife Jenny, German philosopher and theorist Karl Marx developed a catarrh that kept him in ill health for the last 15 months of his life. It eventually brought on the bronchitis and pleurisy that killed him in London on March 14, 1883. He passed away while contemplating realms of statistics about the Russian economy. Family and friends in London buried his body in Highgate Cemetery, London, three days later.
1885 Gilbert & Sullivan's two-act operetta The Mikado opened on March 14, 1885, in London, where it ran at the Savoy Theatre for 672 performances, which was the second longest run for any work of musical theater and one of the longest runs of any theater piece up to that time. Before the end of 1885, it was estimated that, in Europe and America, at least 150 companies were producing the opera.
1889 Susan LaFlesche Picotte was the first Native American to earn a medical degree, graduating at the top of her class on March 14, 1889, after a rigorous three-year course of study. She went on to treat whites and Indians alike—despite rampant sexism and racism.
1893 The Waldorf Hotel opened on 33rd Street and Fifth Avenue in New York City on March 14, 1893. The luxury hotel was completed at a cost of $3 million. A grand hotel with over 450 guest rooms, and it quickly became known for its luxurious amenities, including electricity and private bathrooms in every room, which were considered rare at the time. The hotel was also home to several fine dining establishments, including the famous Waldorf Astoria restaurant.
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| Waldorf Hotel (1893) |
1903 In January 1903, The Hay–Herrán Treaty was signed by US Secretary of State John M. Hay and Colombian Chargé Dr. Tomás Herrán granting the US a renewable lease in perpetuity from Colombia on the land proposed for the building of the Panama Canal. The treaty was ratified by the US Senate on March 14, 1903, but the Senate of Colombia did not ratify it. When Panama achieved full independence from Colombia, later in the year the USA bought the rights to build the Panama Canal.
1903 The first federal bird reservation was created by executive order of President Theodore Roosevelt on March 14, 1903. It was located on Pelican Island in the Indian River Lagoon east of Sebastian, Florida. The reservation was created to protect egrets and other birds from extinction through plume hunting.
1910 On March 14, 1910 an eruption of hydrocarbons from a pressurized oil well in the Midway-Sunset Oil Field in Kern County, California created the largest accidental oil spill in history. The Lakeview Gusher lasted 18 months and released nine million barrels (1.4×106 m3) of crude oil into the atmosphere.
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| The Lakeview gusher with a lake of crude oil surrounding the derrick, mid-1910 |
1912 The name Oreo was first trademarked on March 14, 1912. Although the origin of the name "Oreo" is unknown, there are many theories. According to one Oreo executive, the name mimics the two O-shaped cookies that make the sandwich. Others claim the "re" comes from the "cream."
1931 Alam Ara, the first Bollywood film with sound, was released on March 14, 1931. The story was based on a very successful Parsi play of the same name. Alam Ara was a commercial success and helped to establish the Indian film industry as a major player in the world of cinema.
1933 The actor Michael Caine was born on March 14, 1933 in St Olave's Hospital, Rotherhithe, London, the son of Maurice Joseph Micklewhite, a fish market porter, and Ellen Frances Marie (née Burchell), a cook and charwoman. Born Maurice Joseph Micklewhite, he took his stage name from the film The Caine Mutiny (1954). While he uses "Michael Caine" professionally, he uses his given name in his personal life.
1933 Balto was a Siberian husky and sled dog who led his team on the final leg of the 1925 serum run to Nome, Alaska in which diphtheria antitoxin was transported to combat an outbreak of the disease. Balto was present for the unveiling of his own statue in Central Park on December 17, 1925. He died on March 14, 1933.
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| Balto with his owner and musher, Gunnar Kaasen |
1946 The author Ernest Hemingway first met the boyish war correspondent Mary Welsh in London during World War II. He was immediately infatuated with her and asked Mary to marry him on their third meeting. Mary Welsh became Hemingway's fourth and last wife on March 14, 1946 at a ceremony in Cuba. After their marriage, Mary lived with Hemingway in Cuba for many years and, after 1959, in Ketchum, Idaho. They didn't produce any children together.
1960 On March 14, 1960 the British government announced plans for a Thames Barrier to protect London from flooding. Since the early 1980s, the Thames Barrier has been used many times a year to stop water damage to London's low-lying areas up the River Thames.
1964 By the time they led the so-called British invasion of the United States in 1964, the Beatles held the top five spots on the singles recording charts. On March 14, 1964 Billboard Magazine reported that Beatles records made up 60% of all singles sold.
1968 Batman, a thirty-minute prime time, live-action television series based on the comic character premiered on January 12, 1966. The series starred Adam West as the title character, while Burt Ward played his sidekick, Robin. 120 episodes aired on the ABC network for the three seasons it was shown until March 14, 1968.
1968 Batman, a thirty-minute prime time, live-action television series based on the comic character premiered on January 12, 1966. The series starred Adam West as the title character, while Burt Ward played his sidekick, Robin. 120 episodes aired on the ABC network for the three seasons it was shown until March 14, 1968.
2005 The Cedar Revolution Lebanon's March 14 Alliance got its name from this day on March 14, 2005. Over a million people took to the streets of Beirut, the capital of Lebanon, to demand the end of Syrian occupation, which by then had lasted 29 years.
2018 The English theoretical physicist, cosmologist, and author Stephen Hawking spent his final days attempting to solve the parallel universe mystery and updated his paper just ten days before his death.
He died in his Cambridge home, early in the morning of March 14, 2018. Having been born on the date of Galileo's death, Stephen Hawking passed away on the date of Albert Einstein's birth. His DNA is saved in digital form on a large memory device on the International Space Station.
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