1043 The coronation of the English king, Edward The Confessor, took place at Winchester Cathedral on April 3, 1043. He succeeded his half-brother, Harthacnut, as king and reigned until his death in 1066. The saintly king is known for his religious devotion, building of Westminster Abbey, and his efforts to promote the Normanization of England by bringing in Norman advisers and promoting Norman culture.
His reign was one of almost unbroken peace.
1793 The first circus building in the US opened on April 3, 1793 in Philadelphia, when English equestrian John Bill Ricketts gave America's first complete circus performance. The Circus was a roofless arena of around 800 seats surrounding a circular riding space. The wooden construction had been erected in a matter of weeks by Ricketts. George Washington attended a performance there later that season.
1834 The German composer Robert Schumann was also a notable music critic. His writings about music appeared mostly in the Neue Zeitschrift für Musik (New Journal for Music), a Leipzig-based publication which he jointly founded with Friedrich Wieck, and his close friend Ludwig Schuncke. Its first issue appeared on April 3, 1834.
1836 Joseph Smith and his fellow Mormon Oliver Cowdery claimed that on April 3, 1836, Moses appeared to them in the Kirtland Temple in Ohio in a glorified, immortal, physical form and bestowed upon them the "keys of the gathering of Israel from the four parts of the earth, and the leading of the ten tribes from the land of the north."
1860 The Pony Express mail service began operation on April 3, 1860. The Pony Express was a postal service that delivered messages, newspapers, mail, and small packages by horseback, keeping California in touch with the rest of the United States. Its 2,000 mile route from Sacramento, California, to St. Joseph, Missouri, had to cross the Sierra Nevada, the Rocky Mountains, and the Great Plains.
1869 Edvard Grieg's Piano Concerto in A Minor is among Grieg's earliest important works. It was written by the 24 year old composer in 1868 in Søllerød, Denmark, during one of his visits there to benefit from the climate, being warmer than that of his native Norway. Edmund Neupert gave the Piano Concerto its first performance on April 3, 1869 in the Casino Theater in Copenhagen. Grieg himself was unable to be there because he was conducting in Oslo.
1882 Jesse James was shot while at home in the back of the head and killed by Robert Ford on April 3, 1882, for a $5,000 bounty that was placed on the outlaw by Thomas T. Crittenden. Ford, who was a new recruit in James' gang never did receive the reward he was expecting. Robert Ford was charged with murder, sentenced to hang, and pardoned all in the same day. He was gunned down ten years later in a Creede, Colorado, saloon.
1885 Gottlieb Wilhelm Daimler and his lifelong business partner Wilhelm Maybach developed in 1885 a precursor of the modern petrol (gasoline) engine. They were granted a German patent for their engine design on April 3, 1885. Daimler and Maybach subsequently fitted their engine to a bicycle to create the first internal combustion motorcycle. The design was patented five months later.
1888 On April 3, 1888, the first of 11 murders took place in the Whitechapel area of London, many of which were believed to have been committed by a man known only as 'Jack the Ripper'. The April 3rd victim was Emma Elizabeth Smith, who died of her injuries after robbery and assault. Only five of the 11 cases are generally agreed to have been done by the same man. Emma Smith's murder is not among them.
1897 In 1895 the composer Johannes Brahms fell terminally ill with cancer of the liver though he was never told the nature of the disease. He died two years later on April 3, 1897 in his bed watched over by his landlady, having retained consciousness to the last. Brahms was buried in Vienna's Zentralfriedhof (General Cemetery).
His reign was one of almost unbroken peace.
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| Edward the Confessor, enthroned, opening scene of the Bayeux Tapestry |
1793 The first circus building in the US opened on April 3, 1793 in Philadelphia, when English equestrian John Bill Ricketts gave America's first complete circus performance. The Circus was a roofless arena of around 800 seats surrounding a circular riding space. The wooden construction had been erected in a matter of weeks by Ricketts. George Washington attended a performance there later that season.
1834 The German composer Robert Schumann was also a notable music critic. His writings about music appeared mostly in the Neue Zeitschrift für Musik (New Journal for Music), a Leipzig-based publication which he jointly founded with Friedrich Wieck, and his close friend Ludwig Schuncke. Its first issue appeared on April 3, 1834.
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| Schumann's music room in Zwickau |
1836 Joseph Smith and his fellow Mormon Oliver Cowdery claimed that on April 3, 1836, Moses appeared to them in the Kirtland Temple in Ohio in a glorified, immortal, physical form and bestowed upon them the "keys of the gathering of Israel from the four parts of the earth, and the leading of the ten tribes from the land of the north."
1860 The Pony Express mail service began operation on April 3, 1860. The Pony Express was a postal service that delivered messages, newspapers, mail, and small packages by horseback, keeping California in touch with the rest of the United States. Its 2,000 mile route from Sacramento, California, to St. Joseph, Missouri, had to cross the Sierra Nevada, the Rocky Mountains, and the Great Plains.
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| Pony Express advertisement |
1869 Edvard Grieg's Piano Concerto in A Minor is among Grieg's earliest important works. It was written by the 24 year old composer in 1868 in Søllerød, Denmark, during one of his visits there to benefit from the climate, being warmer than that of his native Norway. Edmund Neupert gave the Piano Concerto its first performance on April 3, 1869 in the Casino Theater in Copenhagen. Grieg himself was unable to be there because he was conducting in Oslo.
1882 Jesse James was shot while at home in the back of the head and killed by Robert Ford on April 3, 1882, for a $5,000 bounty that was placed on the outlaw by Thomas T. Crittenden. Ford, who was a new recruit in James' gang never did receive the reward he was expecting. Robert Ford was charged with murder, sentenced to hang, and pardoned all in the same day. He was gunned down ten years later in a Creede, Colorado, saloon.
1885 Gottlieb Wilhelm Daimler and his lifelong business partner Wilhelm Maybach developed in 1885 a precursor of the modern petrol (gasoline) engine. They were granted a German patent for their engine design on April 3, 1885. Daimler and Maybach subsequently fitted their engine to a bicycle to create the first internal combustion motorcycle. The design was patented five months later.
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| Replica of the Daimler-Maybach Reitwagen. Wikipedia Commons |
1888 On April 3, 1888, the first of 11 murders took place in the Whitechapel area of London, many of which were believed to have been committed by a man known only as 'Jack the Ripper'. The April 3rd victim was Emma Elizabeth Smith, who died of her injuries after robbery and assault. Only five of the 11 cases are generally agreed to have been done by the same man. Emma Smith's murder is not among them.
1897 In 1895 the composer Johannes Brahms fell terminally ill with cancer of the liver though he was never told the nature of the disease. He died two years later on April 3, 1897 in his bed watched over by his landlady, having retained consciousness to the last. Brahms was buried in Vienna's Zentralfriedhof (General Cemetery).
1902 The funeral of Cecil Rhodes, a British colonial statesman in southern Africa and a controversial figure in history, took place in Cape Town, South Africa on April 3, 1902. The funeral procession, which was attended by thousands of mourners, including many prominent figures in South African politics and society, made its way through the streets of Cape Town to St. George's Cathedral, where a memorial service was held.
1922 Georgia-born Joseph Stalin became the first General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union on April 3, 1922. He led the Soviet Union from April 3, 1922 until his death on October 16, 1952. He was born Josef Dzhugashvili and adopted the name "Stalin" meaning "Man of Steel" which Lenin had given him in 1912.
1924 The actor Marlon Brando was born on April 3, 1924, in Omaha, Nebraska, to Marlon Brando, Sr., a pesticide and chemical feed manufacturer, and Dorothy Julia (née Pennebaker). Marlon Brando was expelled from two different high schools—the first expulsion was for allegedly riding a motorcycle down the hallway.
1933 The first ever flight over Mount Everest was undertaken on April 3, 1933 by two Westland aircraft. They were piloted by Douglas Douglas-Hamilton (then known as Lord Clydesdale) and David McIntyre, with Stewart Blacker and Sidney Bonnett in the observer seats. It was also the first detailed and scientific survey of the Himalaya region.
1936 20-month-old Charles Augustus Lindbergh, Jr. was abducted from his home on March 1, 1932, in what the press of the time came to sensationally refer to as "The Crime of the Century." Charles jnr was found dead in a shallow grave ten weeks later. Bruno Richard Hauptmann, a 34-year-old German immigrant carpenter, was arrested for the crime. Hauptmann was executed in the electric chair at the New Jersey State Prison on April 3, 1936, proclaiming his innocence to the end.
1941 Count Pal Teleki, Prime Minister of Hungary from February 1939, tried to preserve Hungarian autonomy under difficult political circumstances, during the Second World War. However, he committed suicide on April 3, 1941, because of the guilt he felt over his country’s participation in Nazi Germany’s attack on Yugoslavia.
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| Suicide letter of Pál Teleki |
1973 Martin Cooper of Motorola publicly demonstrated the world's first handheld mobile phone on April 3, 1973. He made a call from a New York City street to a landline telephone, which was answered by Joel Engel, the head of research at AT&T's Bell Labs.
1974 The April 3–4, 1974 Super Outbreak is one of the most intense and widespread tornado outbreaks ever recorded in the United States. The outbreak generated an unprecedented number of tornadoes, with a total of 148 tornadoes officially documented across 13 U.S. states, from the Great Lakes region to the Deep South. This remains the largest tornado outbreak in U.S. history in terms of the number of tornadoes produced within a 24-hour period.
1981 The Osborne 1 often stakes a claim as the first laptop. Released on April 3, 1981 by Osborne Computer Corporation, it weighed 10.7 kg (23.5 lb), cost $1,795, and ran the CP/M 2.2 operating system. However, the computer looked more like a sewing machine than today's sleek apparatuses.
1995 The first book sold on Amazon was Douglas Hofstadter's Fluid Concepts and Creative Analogies: Computer Models of the Fundamental Mechanisms of Thought on April 3, 1995.
California-based software engineer John Wainwright was a friend of Amazon's first employee Shal Kaphan. On April 3, 1995, he placed the first non-company order from Amazon.com for the book, which explores the mechanisms of intelligence through computer modeling.
2000 World Party Day designated as a universal day of coordinated events celebrating "universal human right to fun, peace and life" occurs on April 3rd each year. The inspiration is the novel Flight: A Quantum Fiction Novel, by Vanna Bonta published in 1995, which concludes with a synchronized worldwide celebration that occurs on April 3, 2000.
2004 After several years as a mascot on a series of navy vessels, Timothy the tortoise was taken in by the Earl of Devon at his home, Powderham Castle in Exeter, SW England, in 1892. The creature was, in fact, female, but the Victorians were not aware of how to tell the sex of tortoises. She died aged about 160 on April 3, 2004.
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| Timothy in 1993. |
2007 In 2007 a French TGV train on the LGV Est high speed line set an official new world speed record for a commercial train on steel wheels. It achieved a speed of 574.8 km/h (357.2 mph) on April 3, 2007 at kilometer point 191 near the village of Le Chemin, between the Meuse and Champagne-Ardenne TGV stations.
2010 Apple Inc. released the first generation iPad, a tablet computer on April 3, 2010. Steve Jobs did not let his kids use iPads and limited their use of technology to a minimum. When once asked what market research went into the iPad, Jobs' response was: "None. It's not the consumers' job to know what they want."
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