1468 Johannes Gutenberg, inventor of the Printing press and publisher of the first printed Bible died on February 3, 1468, his contributions largely unknown. The Gutenberg Bible had aroused the mistrust of the clergy who initially found it hard to accept that the Holy Scriptures could be treated "mechanically." However by the 1480s, printing was well established throughout Europe.
1547 When Ivan IV (Ivan the Terrible) decided to marry he ordered all his nobles in his realm to send their marriageable daughters to Moscow. Those who refused faced execution. Over 1500 maidens were gathered and in the end he chose Anastasia Romanovna, the daughter of Boyar Roman Yurievich Zakharyin-Yuriev, Okolnichi, who gave his name to the Romanov Dynasty of Russian monarchs. They were married on February 3, 1547 at the Cathedral of the Annunciation.
1618 After graduating from the University of Padua in 1602, the English physician William Harvey returned to London and joined the staff at St. Bartholomew’s Hospital. Harvey was appointed 'Physician Extraordinary' to King James I on February 3, 1618. He seems to have similarly served various aristocrats, including Lord Chancellor Francis Bacon.
1637 Tulips were introduced into the Dutch Republic from Turkey - in the sixteenth century. The Dutch then took such a fancy to them that they planted tulips all over the country, developing a wealth of new varieties. The contract prices of rare tulip bulbs kept climbing and by early 1637 they had reached the equivalent of 15 years' salary for just one bulb. On February 3, 1637, the contract prices of rare tulip bulbs in the Dutch Republic abruptly collapsed, leaving many traders bankrupt.
1658 The 49-year-old poet John Milton married his second wife, 28-year-old Katherine Woodcock in November 1656. She was the daughter of a Captain Woodcock, of Hackney. Katherine died on February 3, 1658, less than four months after giving birth to their daughter, Katherine, who passed away on March 17th
1690 The colony of Massachusetts issued the first paper money in America on February 3, 1690. It was a temporary experiment of banknote issue carried out by Sir William Phips as the Governor of the Province of Massachusetts Bay to help fund the war effort against France.
1809 German pianist and composer Felix Mendelssohn was born in Hamburg, Germany, on February 3, 1809, a grandson of the philosopher Moses Mendelssohn. Young Felix studied piano and composition in Berlin, making his first public appearance at the age of nine. During his boyhood young Mendelssohn wrote many compositions. Among his early successes was the Midsummer Night's Dream Overture (1826). when he was just seventeen.
1823 Gioachino Rossini's opera Semiramide was first performed at La Fenice in Venice on February 3, 1823. Semiramide, the grandest of his serious operas was Rossini's last Italian work. It was based on Voltaire's tragedy Semiramis, which in turn was based on the legend of Semiramis of Assyria.
After this splendid work, one of his finest in the genre, Rossini turned his back on Italy and moved to Paris.
1830 Greece was occupied by the Ottoman Empire for a period of 400 years. The country's sovereignty and full independence from the Ottoman Empire was confirmed in a London Protocol on February 3, 1830, as the final result of the Greek War of Independence.
1862 The King of Siam (Thailand) offered the Union army a battalion of war elephants during the American Civil War. President Lincoln politely declined in his reply dated February 3, 1862, pointing out that steam power had overtaken the need for heavy animal power of this kind.
1863 The writer Samuel Clemens first used his pen name in Nevada City on February 3, 1863, when he wrote a humorous travel account entitled "Letter From Carson – re: Joe Goodman; party at Gov. Johnson's; music" and signed it "Mark Twain."
1879 The English chemist Joseph Swan first publicly demonstrated the electric light bulb on February 3, 1879 to an audience of over seven hundred people in the lecture theater of the Literary and Philosophical Society of Newcastle upon Tyne. Swan's working lamp utilized a filament of carbonized paper in an evacuated glass bulb, but the lack of a good vacuum and adequate electric source resulted in a short lifetime for his primitive electric light.
1882 A 4-year-old 6 1/2-ton African bull elephant called Jumbo who was born in Sudan was transferred to the London Zoo in 1865. He became the most famous elephant in the world. American showman P. T. Barnum simply had to have this huge elephant in his circus. He bought Jumbo on February 3, 1882, for $10,000, advertising him as the "only mastodon on Earth." Jumbo's sale initiated public outrage in Britain.
1916 Canada's original parliament building in Ottawa burned down in a fire on February 3, 1916. The huge and impressive Gothic stone and wood building had dominated the skyline of Canada's capital for half a century.
1918 The Twin Peaks Tunnel in San Francisco begun service on February 3, 1918. It was built as part of San Francisco's streetcar system and served as a key transportation route for many years, connecting the city's central neighborhoods with the southwestern suburbs. At 11,920 feet (3,633 meters) long, it remains one of the world's longest streetcar or light-rail tunnels.
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| Gutenberg Bible of the New York Public Library. By NYC Wanderer (Kevin Eng) |
1547 When Ivan IV (Ivan the Terrible) decided to marry he ordered all his nobles in his realm to send their marriageable daughters to Moscow. Those who refused faced execution. Over 1500 maidens were gathered and in the end he chose Anastasia Romanovna, the daughter of Boyar Roman Yurievich Zakharyin-Yuriev, Okolnichi, who gave his name to the Romanov Dynasty of Russian monarchs. They were married on February 3, 1547 at the Cathedral of the Annunciation.
1618 After graduating from the University of Padua in 1602, the English physician William Harvey returned to London and joined the staff at St. Bartholomew’s Hospital. Harvey was appointed 'Physician Extraordinary' to King James I on February 3, 1618. He seems to have similarly served various aristocrats, including Lord Chancellor Francis Bacon.
1637 Tulips were introduced into the Dutch Republic from Turkey - in the sixteenth century. The Dutch then took such a fancy to them that they planted tulips all over the country, developing a wealth of new varieties. The contract prices of rare tulip bulbs kept climbing and by early 1637 they had reached the equivalent of 15 years' salary for just one bulb. On February 3, 1637, the contract prices of rare tulip bulbs in the Dutch Republic abruptly collapsed, leaving many traders bankrupt.
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| A tulip, known as "the Viceroy" (viseroij), displayed in the 1637 Dutch catalog |
1658 The 49-year-old poet John Milton married his second wife, 28-year-old Katherine Woodcock in November 1656. She was the daughter of a Captain Woodcock, of Hackney. Katherine died on February 3, 1658, less than four months after giving birth to their daughter, Katherine, who passed away on March 17th
1690 The colony of Massachusetts issued the first paper money in America on February 3, 1690. It was a temporary experiment of banknote issue carried out by Sir William Phips as the Governor of the Province of Massachusetts Bay to help fund the war effort against France.
1809 German pianist and composer Felix Mendelssohn was born in Hamburg, Germany, on February 3, 1809, a grandson of the philosopher Moses Mendelssohn. Young Felix studied piano and composition in Berlin, making his first public appearance at the age of nine. During his boyhood young Mendelssohn wrote many compositions. Among his early successes was the Midsummer Night's Dream Overture (1826). when he was just seventeen.
1823 Gioachino Rossini's opera Semiramide was first performed at La Fenice in Venice on February 3, 1823. Semiramide, the grandest of his serious operas was Rossini's last Italian work. It was based on Voltaire's tragedy Semiramis, which in turn was based on the legend of Semiramis of Assyria.
After this splendid work, one of his finest in the genre, Rossini turned his back on Italy and moved to Paris.
 |
| Set design of the entrance hall to the palace for Semiramide staged at La Scala in Milan, 1824. |
1830 Greece was occupied by the Ottoman Empire for a period of 400 years. The country's sovereignty and full independence from the Ottoman Empire was confirmed in a London Protocol on February 3, 1830, as the final result of the Greek War of Independence.
1862 The King of Siam (Thailand) offered the Union army a battalion of war elephants during the American Civil War. President Lincoln politely declined in his reply dated February 3, 1862, pointing out that steam power had overtaken the need for heavy animal power of this kind.
1863 The writer Samuel Clemens first used his pen name in Nevada City on February 3, 1863, when he wrote a humorous travel account entitled "Letter From Carson – re: Joe Goodman; party at Gov. Johnson's; music" and signed it "Mark Twain."
 |
| Twain in 1867 |
1879 The English chemist Joseph Swan first publicly demonstrated the electric light bulb on February 3, 1879 to an audience of over seven hundred people in the lecture theater of the Literary and Philosophical Society of Newcastle upon Tyne. Swan's working lamp utilized a filament of carbonized paper in an evacuated glass bulb, but the lack of a good vacuum and adequate electric source resulted in a short lifetime for his primitive electric light.
1882 A 4-year-old 6 1/2-ton African bull elephant called Jumbo who was born in Sudan was transferred to the London Zoo in 1865. He became the most famous elephant in the world. American showman P. T. Barnum simply had to have this huge elephant in his circus. He bought Jumbo on February 3, 1882, for $10,000, advertising him as the "only mastodon on Earth." Jumbo's sale initiated public outrage in Britain.
1916 Canada's original parliament building in Ottawa burned down in a fire on February 3, 1916. The huge and impressive Gothic stone and wood building had dominated the skyline of Canada's capital for half a century.
1918 The Twin Peaks Tunnel in San Francisco begun service on February 3, 1918. It was built as part of San Francisco's streetcar system and served as a key transportation route for many years, connecting the city's central neighborhoods with the southwestern suburbs. At 11,920 feet (3,633 meters) long, it remains one of the world's longest streetcar or light-rail tunnels.
1919 President Woodrow Wilson was in the middle of a lecture tour during the fall of 1919 when he suffered a major stroke, resulting in brain damage and paralysis. Wilson's health did not improve after leaving office; his left arm and left leg were both paralyzed, and he frequently suffered digestive tract issues. Wilson's health declined in early 1924, and he died on February 3, 1924. The only president buried in Washington, DC proper, Wilson was laid to rest in the National Cathedral.
1930 The Communist Party of Vietnam was founded at a "Unification Conference" held in Kowloon, British Hong Kong on February 3, 1930. The conference brought together several communist and socialist organizations in Vietnam and marked the start of the Communist movement in the country. Today, the Communist Party remains the only legally recognized political party in Vietnam and holds a monopoly on political power in the country.
1948 The lowest ever temperature in continental North America was recorded in Snag, Yukon, Canada on February 3, 1948 at −63.0 °C (−81.4 °F). This small village is located near the Alaska border, and it is known for its harsh climate. The extreme cold is caused by a combination of factors, including Snag's inland location, its position in a valley that traps cold air. a clear sky (except for some ice fog), and little to no wind.
1952 In early 1952, during the Korean War, evangelist Billy Graham led a movement for a US National Day of Prayer, On February 3, 1952, he led services for approximately 20,000 on the steps of the Capitol. A couple of months later President Harry S. Truman signed a bill proclaiming a National Day of Prayer to be observed on July 4, 1952.
1959 On February 3, 1959 a small plane crashed in a cornfield 8 miles north of Clear Lake, Iowa, killing Buddy Holly, Ritchie Valens, and J.P. "The Big Bopper" Richardson with it. The phrase "The Day the Music Died" was first coined to describe the incident by Don McLean in his 1971 hit "American Pie."
1960 During an address made by Harold Macmillan to the Parliament of South Africa, on February 3, 1960 at the South African Houses of Parliament in Cape Town), the British Prime Minister spoke of "a wind of change." This indicated his awareness of an increasing national consciousness blowing through colonial Africa, signalling that his Government was likely to support decolonization.
1961 Bob Dylan made his first recordings at the home of friends Sid and Bob Gleason in East Orange, New Jersey on February 3, 1961. They were versions of "San Francisco Bay Blues" and "Jesus Met the Woman at the Well."
1967 Ronald Ryan was the last person to be legally executed in Australia on February 3, 1967. Ryan was hanged after being found guilty of shooting and killing prison officer George Hodson during an escape from Pentridge Prison, Victoria, in 1965. His killing was met with some of the largest public protests in the history of Australia and led to the end of executions in the country.
1984 The first transfer of an embryo from one human to another resulting in pregnancy was reported in July 1983. It subsequently led to the announcement of the first human birth on February 3, 1984. This procedure was carried out by Dr. John Buster and his research team at the Harbor UCLA Medical Center.in California.
1986 Pixar started as the Graphics Group, a division of George Lucas' Lucasfilm in early 1979.
The group built what they would call the Pixar Image Computer, a machine with computational power that was able to produce images with higher resolution. On February 3, 1986, Steve Jobs bought the Pixar group for $10 million. In a bid to drive sales of the system, they started working on not-for-profit short demonstration animations such as Luxo Jr. to show off the device's capabilities.
1959 On February 3, 1959 a small plane crashed in a cornfield 8 miles north of Clear Lake, Iowa, killing Buddy Holly, Ritchie Valens, and J.P. "The Big Bopper" Richardson with it. The phrase "The Day the Music Died" was first coined to describe the incident by Don McLean in his 1971 hit "American Pie."
1960 During an address made by Harold Macmillan to the Parliament of South Africa, on February 3, 1960 at the South African Houses of Parliament in Cape Town), the British Prime Minister spoke of "a wind of change." This indicated his awareness of an increasing national consciousness blowing through colonial Africa, signalling that his Government was likely to support decolonization.
1961 Bob Dylan made his first recordings at the home of friends Sid and Bob Gleason in East Orange, New Jersey on February 3, 1961. They were versions of "San Francisco Bay Blues" and "Jesus Met the Woman at the Well."
1967 Ronald Ryan was the last person to be legally executed in Australia on February 3, 1967. Ryan was hanged after being found guilty of shooting and killing prison officer George Hodson during an escape from Pentridge Prison, Victoria, in 1965. His killing was met with some of the largest public protests in the history of Australia and led to the end of executions in the country.
1984 The first transfer of an embryo from one human to another resulting in pregnancy was reported in July 1983. It subsequently led to the announcement of the first human birth on February 3, 1984. This procedure was carried out by Dr. John Buster and his research team at the Harbor UCLA Medical Center.in California.
1986 Pixar started as the Graphics Group, a division of George Lucas' Lucasfilm in early 1979.
The group built what they would call the Pixar Image Computer, a machine with computational power that was able to produce images with higher resolution. On February 3, 1986, Steve Jobs bought the Pixar group for $10 million. In a bid to drive sales of the system, they started working on not-for-profit short demonstration animations such as Luxo Jr. to show off the device's capabilities.
1989 On February 3, 1989, a military coup headed by General Andrés Rodríguez assumed power in Paraguay. As president, Rodríguez instituted political, legal, and economic reforms and initiated a rapprochement with the international community. In 1992, Paraguay adopted a new constitution, which limited the presidency to a single five-year term.
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