1368 With famine, plagues, and peasant revolts sweeping across China, Zhu Yuanzhang rose to command the force that conquered China and ended the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty, forcing the Mongols to retreat to the Central Asian steppes. Following his seizure of the Yuan capital, Khanbaliq (present-day Beijing), Zhu ascended the throne of China as the Hongwu Emperor in a coronation ceremony on January 22, 1368. This initiated the Ming Dynasty rule over China.
1506 Michelangelo designed the dark blue, yellow and red uniforms that are worn to this day by the Swiss Guards who guard the Vatican. The first contingent of 150 Swiss Guards arrived in Rome on January 22, 1506, to provide security for the pope.
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| Portrait of EFile:Zhu Yuanzhang.Wikipedia |
1506 Michelangelo designed the dark blue, yellow and red uniforms that are worn to this day by the Swiss Guards who guard the Vatican. The first contingent of 150 Swiss Guards arrived in Rome on January 22, 1506, to provide security for the pope.
1552 Little is known about Sir Walter Raleigh's birth. The date favored by the majority of historians is January 22, 1552. We do know he was born at a thatched house (now a farmhouse) near the village of East Budleigh, not far from Budleigh Salterton in Devon. Walter was the youngest of five sons born to Catherine Champernowne in two successive marriages. Catherine Champernowne was a niece of Kat Ashley, Queen Elizabeth I's governess, who introduced the young men at court.
1561 English scientific philosopher and statesman Francis Bacon was born on January 22, 1561 at York House near the Strand in London. He was the youngest son of Sir Nicholas Bacon, who was Elizabeth I's Lord Keeper of the Great Seal. Bacon entered Trinity College, Cambridge at the age of 13. He lived there for three years there with his older brother Anthony Bacon. His studies of science there brought him to the conclusion that the methods (and thus the results) were erroneous.
1572 English poet and cleric John Donne was born on January 22,. 1572 in London, the third of six children. His father, also named John Donne, was of Welsh descent and a warden of the Ironmongers Company in the City of London. The Donne family were Roman Catholics when practice of that religion was illegal in England.
1788 The English romantic poet Lord Byron (birth name George Gordon) was born on January 22, 1788 at 24 Holles Street, London. Lord Byron was the 6th Baron Byron. He was addressed as The Right Honorable Lord Byron by strangers and as Byron (the title, not the name) by friends. No one ever called him George after he became Byron, not even his mother.
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| George Gordon Byron, 6th Baron Byron, by Richard Westall |
1849 The founder of Miami, Julia DeForest Tuttle, was born on January 22, 1849. Miami is the only major city founded by a woman. Citrus grower Julia DeForest Tuttle used the money from her parents' estate to purchase the James Egan grant of 640 acres (2.6 km2), where the city of Miami is now located, on the north side of the river. In 1891, Tuttle brought her family to live there.
1876 John Bacchus Dykes, a church organist and vicar of St. Oswald's, Durham, resolutely upheld the high church tradition, to the consternation of his bishop, and was something of a renegade figure in the Victorian Church. Worn out with his labors and constant friction with his bishop, he died on January 22, 1876, just fifty-two years old. Dykes wrote over 300 hymn tunes in his lifetime, including "Holy, Holy, Holy." which was found among his papers after he passed away.
1901 Queen Victoria died on January 22, 1901, at 18.30, at the age of 81. Her son and successor, King Edward VII, and her eldest grandson, Emperor Wilhelm II, were at her deathbed. Queen Victoria's last words, a reference to the Boer War, were "Oh that peace may come."
1901 Edward VII was proclaimed King after the death of his mother, Queen Victoria on January 22, 1901. As his mother lay dying a member of the Royal Household wondered if she would be happy in Heaven. "I don't know" said the prince, "she will have to walk behind the angels and she won't like that."
1905 Czar Nicholas II, the last Russian Tsar, believed his subjects should be base and servile tools. Nicholas and his wife, Alexandra ran Russia like a small country estate. The Russian Bloody Sunday occurred on January 22, 1905 when the Imperial Guards shot down hundreds of unarmed peasants who were marching to petition Czar Nicholas II in St Petersburg. After the revolution, in response to the peoples' wishes, Czar Nicholas granted a parliament with limited powers.
1927 The first live radio commentary of a football match anywhere in the world, took place on January 22, 1927 for the game between Arsenal F.C. and Sheffield United at Highbury. For the broadcast by the BBC, The Radio Times printed a numbered map of the pitch so the commentator could describe where the ball was — hence the expression: 'And back to square one.'
1934 Dmitri Shostakovich's opera Lady Macbeth of the Mtsensk District was first performed on January 22, 1934 at the Leningrad Maly Theatre. It was deemed to be very successful until Josef Stalin came to hear a performance. The Russian dictator did not enjoy the work, and he left during the performance. Lady Macbeth of the Mtsensk District was then suppressed as "too divorced from the proletariat," but revived in 1963 as Katerina Izmaylova.
1943 In Spearfish, South Dakota on January 22, 1943 at 7:30 am, it was -4 °F (−20 °C), then two minutes later, the temperature rose up to 45 °F (7 °C). This is the fastest temperature change ever. This was due to a phenomenon called a 'Chinook wind' which is a warm, dry wind that blows down the eastern side of the Rocky Mountains and can cause rapid temperature changes.
1947 James Anderson Jr. was born on January 22, 1947. Anderson Jr. was awarded the Medal of Honor, the United States' highest military decoration, for his actions during the Vietnam War. Anderson was killed in action in 1967 while saving the lives of several of his fellow soldiers by using his body to shield them from a grenade. It was the first Medal of Honor to be awarded to an African American U.S. Marine
1953 Arthur Miller's play, The Crucible, is a dramatized and partially fictionalized story of the Salem witch trials, in which he compares McCarthyism to a witch-hunt. The play was first performed at the Martin Beck Theatre on Broadway on January 22, 1953 in the midst of a period when Senator Joseph McCarthy was the visible public face of the government ostracizing people for being communists.
1969 An assassination attempt was made upon Leonid Brezhnev on January 22, 1969, when a deserter from the Soviet Army, Viktor Ilyin, fired shots at a motorcade carrying the Soviet leader through Moscow. Though Brezhnev was unhurt, the shots killed a driver. Brezhnev's attacker was captured and the incident that was not revealed to the public until after the fall of the Soviet Union.
1970 The world's first "jumbo jet," the Boeing 747 jetliner made its maiden commercial voyage on January 22, 1970 for launch customer Pan American Airways when it flew from John F. Kennedy International Airport to London Heathrow Airport. The flight had been scheduled for the previous evening, but was delayed by engine overheating.
1973 The 36th US President Lyndon Baines Johnson died at his ranch in Stonewall, Texas, on January 22, 1973, aged 64 after having a heart attack. He is credited with advancing civil rights and enacting major social reforms, but he is also criticized for his handling of the Vietnam War. His funeral took place at the National City Christian Church in Washington, D.C.
1973 In America the Supreme Court decisions in Roe v Wade and the lesser known Doe v. Bolton, both on January 22, 1973, overturned all state laws restricting abortion. As a result abortions became legal during the first six months of pregnancy. Roe v. Wade reshaped national politics, dividing much of the United States into pro-choice and pro-life camps, while activating grassroots movements on both sides.
1976 On January 22, 1976, a guerrilla force blasted into the vaults of the British Bank of the Middle East in Bab Idriss, cleaning out the contents of the safe deposit. The boxes of cash and other valuables were estimated by former finance minister Lucien Dahdah at $50 million. It was the single most lucrative bank robbery in history, occurring during the worst civil unrest period ever in Beirut, Lebanon.
1984 The Apple Macintosh, the first consumer computer to popularize the computer mouse and the graphical user interface, was introduced during Super Bowl XVIII on January 22, 1984 with its famous "1984" television commercial. Inside the beige plastic enclosure of every 128K Macintosh – the first model sold – were engraved signatures from everyone on the Apple Mac team, including Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak.
1988 Colin Pitchfork, the first person convicted of a crime based on DNA fingerprinting evidence was sentenced to life imprisonment on January 22, 1988. Colin Pitchfork raped and murdered two girls in November 1983, and July 1986. He was arrested on September 19, 1987, and sentenced to life imprisonment, after admitting both murders.
2006 When Juan Evo Morales Ayma was inaugurated as the 80th President of Bolivia on January 22, 2006, he became the country's first democratically elected, fully indigenous leader. Morales is a member of the Aymara ethnic group, which is one of the largest indigenous groups in Bolivia. In 2014, the 54-year-old Morales became the oldest active professional soccer player in the world after signing a contract for 214 dollars a month with Sport Boys Warnes, a team based in the south-eastern province of Santa Cruz.
2008 The design of the current Iraqi flag was confirmed by the Iraqi Parliament on January 22, 2008. It includes the three equal horizontal red, white, and black stripes of the Arab Liberation flag. This basic tricolor has been in use since 1963, with several changes to the green symbols in the central white stripe; the most recent version bears the takbīr rendered in green.
2012 3,344 people played dominoes together on January 22, 2012 breaking the world record for most people playing dominoes. The event was organised by Luis Alberto Ramirez Feliz in Santo Domingo, Distrito Nacional, Dominican Republic.
2014 On January 22, 2014, ESA scientists reported the detection, for the first definitive time, of water vapor on the asteroid Ceres. The finding of water vapor on Ceres was unexpected because while comets are typically considered to sprout jets and plumes, asteroids do not generally exhibit such features.
1953 Arthur Miller's play, The Crucible, is a dramatized and partially fictionalized story of the Salem witch trials, in which he compares McCarthyism to a witch-hunt. The play was first performed at the Martin Beck Theatre on Broadway on January 22, 1953 in the midst of a period when Senator Joseph McCarthy was the visible public face of the government ostracizing people for being communists.
1969 An assassination attempt was made upon Leonid Brezhnev on January 22, 1969, when a deserter from the Soviet Army, Viktor Ilyin, fired shots at a motorcade carrying the Soviet leader through Moscow. Though Brezhnev was unhurt, the shots killed a driver. Brezhnev's attacker was captured and the incident that was not revealed to the public until after the fall of the Soviet Union.
1970 The world's first "jumbo jet," the Boeing 747 jetliner made its maiden commercial voyage on January 22, 1970 for launch customer Pan American Airways when it flew from John F. Kennedy International Airport to London Heathrow Airport. The flight had been scheduled for the previous evening, but was delayed by engine overheating.
1973 The 36th US President Lyndon Baines Johnson died at his ranch in Stonewall, Texas, on January 22, 1973, aged 64 after having a heart attack. He is credited with advancing civil rights and enacting major social reforms, but he is also criticized for his handling of the Vietnam War. His funeral took place at the National City Christian Church in Washington, D.C.
1973 In America the Supreme Court decisions in Roe v Wade and the lesser known Doe v. Bolton, both on January 22, 1973, overturned all state laws restricting abortion. As a result abortions became legal during the first six months of pregnancy. Roe v. Wade reshaped national politics, dividing much of the United States into pro-choice and pro-life camps, while activating grassroots movements on both sides.
1976 On January 22, 1976, a guerrilla force blasted into the vaults of the British Bank of the Middle East in Bab Idriss, cleaning out the contents of the safe deposit. The boxes of cash and other valuables were estimated by former finance minister Lucien Dahdah at $50 million. It was the single most lucrative bank robbery in history, occurring during the worst civil unrest period ever in Beirut, Lebanon.
1984 The Apple Macintosh, the first consumer computer to popularize the computer mouse and the graphical user interface, was introduced during Super Bowl XVIII on January 22, 1984 with its famous "1984" television commercial. Inside the beige plastic enclosure of every 128K Macintosh – the first model sold – were engraved signatures from everyone on the Apple Mac team, including Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak.
1988 Colin Pitchfork, the first person convicted of a crime based on DNA fingerprinting evidence was sentenced to life imprisonment on January 22, 1988. Colin Pitchfork raped and murdered two girls in November 1983, and July 1986. He was arrested on September 19, 1987, and sentenced to life imprisonment, after admitting both murders.
2006 When Juan Evo Morales Ayma was inaugurated as the 80th President of Bolivia on January 22, 2006, he became the country's first democratically elected, fully indigenous leader. Morales is a member of the Aymara ethnic group, which is one of the largest indigenous groups in Bolivia. In 2014, the 54-year-old Morales became the oldest active professional soccer player in the world after signing a contract for 214 dollars a month with Sport Boys Warnes, a team based in the south-eastern province of Santa Cruz.
2008 The design of the current Iraqi flag was confirmed by the Iraqi Parliament on January 22, 2008. It includes the three equal horizontal red, white, and black stripes of the Arab Liberation flag. This basic tricolor has been in use since 1963, with several changes to the green symbols in the central white stripe; the most recent version bears the takbīr rendered in green.
2012 3,344 people played dominoes together on January 22, 2012 breaking the world record for most people playing dominoes. The event was organised by Luis Alberto Ramirez Feliz in Santo Domingo, Distrito Nacional, Dominican Republic.
2014 On January 22, 2014, ESA scientists reported the detection, for the first definitive time, of water vapor on the asteroid Ceres. The finding of water vapor on Ceres was unexpected because while comets are typically considered to sprout jets and plumes, asteroids do not generally exhibit such features.
2018 Amazon opened its first supermarket in Seattle on January 22, 2018. Amazon Go is without checkouts - human or self-service. It uses an array of ceiling-mounted cameras to identify each customer and track what items they select, eliminating the need for billing. Purchases are billed to customers' credit cards when they leave the store.
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