49BC Julius Caesar's victories in the Gallic Wars granted him unmatched military power and threatened to eclipse the standing of his rival for the leadership of the Roman state, Pompey. The Senate ordered Caesar to step down from his military command and return to Rome. Caesar refused the order, and instead marked his defiance in on January 10, 49 BC by crossing the Rubicon (a stream that divided Caesar's province from Italy proper) with the 13th Legion, signaling the start of civil war.
1645 The support King Charles I gave to the unpopular Anglo Catholic Archbishop of Canterbury William Laud was the cause of much unrest. The Long Parliament of 1640 accused Laud of treason and the Archbishop was imprisoned in the Tower of London, where he remained throughout the early stages of the English Civil War. Eventually Laud was beheaded on January 10, 1645 on Tower Hill, London.
1729 The Italian priest-biologist Lazzaro Spallanzani was born on January 10, 1729. The experiments of Lazzaro Spallanzani showed that semen is necessary for fertilization. Spallanzani discovered and described mammal reproduction, showing that it requires both semen and an ovum. He was the first to perform in vitro fertilization, with frogs, and an artificial insemination, using a dog.
1776 Thomas Paine's Common Sense pamphlet written in 1775–76 advocated independence from Great Britain to people in the Thirteen Colonies. It was published anonymously on January 10, 1776, at the beginning of the American Revolution, and was the first publication to voice a policy of separation. In proportion to the population of the colonies at that time (2.5 million), it had the largest sale and circulation of any book published in American history.
1810 The willowy Joséphine de Beauharnais was among the gayest of French women in her era. She was good-natured, with refined manners, grace and charm. Napoléon was attracted to Joséphine and they married in 1796. Josephine did not have any children with Napoleon. Because of this he divorced her on January 10, 1810. Joséphine agreed to the divorce so the Emperor could remarry in the hope of having an heir.
1645 The support King Charles I gave to the unpopular Anglo Catholic Archbishop of Canterbury William Laud was the cause of much unrest. The Long Parliament of 1640 accused Laud of treason and the Archbishop was imprisoned in the Tower of London, where he remained throughout the early stages of the English Civil War. Eventually Laud was beheaded on January 10, 1645 on Tower Hill, London.
1729 The Italian priest-biologist Lazzaro Spallanzani was born on January 10, 1729. The experiments of Lazzaro Spallanzani showed that semen is necessary for fertilization. Spallanzani discovered and described mammal reproduction, showing that it requires both semen and an ovum. He was the first to perform in vitro fertilization, with frogs, and an artificial insemination, using a dog.
1776 Thomas Paine's Common Sense pamphlet written in 1775–76 advocated independence from Great Britain to people in the Thirteen Colonies. It was published anonymously on January 10, 1776, at the beginning of the American Revolution, and was the first publication to voice a policy of separation. In proportion to the population of the colonies at that time (2.5 million), it had the largest sale and circulation of any book published in American history.
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| Common Sense, published in 1776 |
1810 The willowy Joséphine de Beauharnais was among the gayest of French women in her era. She was good-natured, with refined manners, grace and charm. Napoléon was attracted to Joséphine and they married in 1796. Josephine did not have any children with Napoleon. Because of this he divorced her on January 10, 1810. Joséphine agreed to the divorce so the Emperor could remarry in the hope of having an heir.
1812 New Orleans was the first steamship on the western waters of the United States. It arrived in its namesake city on January 10, 1812, to complete its maiden voyage. 82 days after leaving Pittsburgh. The New Orleans was built by Nicholas Roosevelt and Robert Fulton and played a significant role in the expansion of steam navigation in the early 19th century.
1857 In May 1856, the French novelist Jules Verne traveled to the provincial town of Amiens. He was the best man at the wedding of a Nantes friend, Auguste Lelarge, to a local Amiens woman named Aimée du Fraysse de Viane. Verne found himself increasingly attracted to the bride's sister, Honorine de Viane Morel; a widow aged 26 with two young daughters. Verne married Honorine on January 10, 1857.
1863 The London Underground, the world's oldest subway railway, opened between Paddington station and Farringdon station on January 10, 1863. This first section of the Metropolitan Railway was 3.75 miles (6 km) long and originally used gas-lit wooden carriages hauled by steam locomotives. The London Underground was soon carrying tens of thousands of passengers each day. It transported 9.5 million in its first year.
1901 On January 10, 1901 oil gushed from a drilling derrick near Beaumont, Texas, kicking off the American Oil Industry. The oil spray coated the land for hundreds of feet around the well. The geyser pumped oil at a rate of 100,000 barrels a day for nine days before it capped. The population around Beaumont skyrocketed and by the end of the year there were more than 285 oil wells and 500 land and oil companies.
1911 On January 10, 1911, Glenn Curtiss, an aviation pioneer and founder of the Curtiss Aeroplane and Motor Company took one of the first photographs from an airplane in the U.S. Curtiss used a hydroplane, which is an early type of seaplane that could take off and land on water. The aircraft he used was likely a variant of the Curtiss Model D, equipped with pontoons for water takeoffs and landings. The photo was an aerial panorama, taken over San Diego, California.
1863 The London Underground, the world's oldest subway railway, opened between Paddington station and Farringdon station on January 10, 1863. This first section of the Metropolitan Railway was 3.75 miles (6 km) long and originally used gas-lit wooden carriages hauled by steam locomotives. The London Underground was soon carrying tens of thousands of passengers each day. It transported 9.5 million in its first year.
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| Locomotive as used on the underground Metropolitan Railway from 1863 to 1869. |
1901 On January 10, 1901 oil gushed from a drilling derrick near Beaumont, Texas, kicking off the American Oil Industry. The oil spray coated the land for hundreds of feet around the well. The geyser pumped oil at a rate of 100,000 barrels a day for nine days before it capped. The population around Beaumont skyrocketed and by the end of the year there were more than 285 oil wells and 500 land and oil companies.
1911 On January 10, 1911, Glenn Curtiss, an aviation pioneer and founder of the Curtiss Aeroplane and Motor Company took one of the first photographs from an airplane in the U.S. Curtiss used a hydroplane, which is an early type of seaplane that could take off and land on water. The aircraft he used was likely a variant of the Curtiss Model D, equipped with pontoons for water takeoffs and landings. The photo was an aerial panorama, taken over San Diego, California.
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| The first photograph taken from an airplane Photo credit: Defense Visual Information Center. |
1917 William “Buffalo Bill” Cody earned his nickname after being employed in 1867-8 to feed workers building the railways. He personally shot 4,280 bison in seventeen months. Cody founded "Buffalo Bill's Wild West" in 1883 in the area of North Platte, Nebraska. It was a circus-like attraction that toured annually with real cowboys and Indians. Cody died of kidney failure on January 10, 1917 at the age of 70, surrounded by family and friends at his sister's house in Denver.
1922 Future UK prime minister Clement Attlee met Violet Millar on a trip to Italy in 1921. Within a few weeks of their return they became engaged and were married at Christ Church, Hampstead on January 10, 1922. They remained wed until her death in 1964 and had four children together.
1929 The comic book The Adventures of Tintin was first published in Belgium on January 10, 1929. The series originally appeared in French in Le Petit Vingtième, a youth supplement to the Belgian newspaper Le Vingtième Siècle.
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| The front page of the 1 May 1930 edition of Le Petit Vingtième |
1946 The term "United Nations" was first coined in 1942 by Winston Churchill and Franklin D. Roosevelt in the Declaration by United Nations. Following World War II, delegates signed a charter creating the The United Nations Organisation — later known as the United Nations. On January 10, 1946 the General Assembly of the United Nations, representing 51 nations, met for the first time as a working organisation at Central Hall, Westminster, in London.
1971 Fashion designer Gabrielle "Coco" Chanel died on January 10, 1971 in her apartment at the Ritz Hotel in Paris, where she had resided for more than 30 years. Chanel promoted her own ideas through her line of clothing. She became one of the first women to create simple and practical clothes, based on a dynamic and sporty lifestyle. She made simplicity in women's apparel high fashion.
1977 The creator of the chocolate chip cookie, Ruth Wakefield died on January 10, 1977. She created the chocolate chip cookie for her guests at the Toll House Inn, near Whitman, Massachusetts and sold her recipe to Nestle for $1 and a lifetime supply of chocolate.
1983 Every year, Margaret Thatcher Day is celebrated in the Falkland Islands on January 10, the anniversary of her first visit. The British prime minister visited the Falklands for four days in January 1983 to mark the 150th anniversary of the establishment of a permanent British settlement.
1993 The Braer Storm, the strongest extra-tropical cyclone ever recorded in the North Atlantic, reached its peak intensity when its central pressure fell to an estimated 914 hPa (914 mb; 27.0 inHg) on January 10, 1993. It led to the final breakup of the oil tanker MV Braer, from which the storm derived its name.
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| METEOSAT satellite image of the Braer Storm near peak intensity on January 10, 1993 |
2016 Justin Bieber occupied the number 1, 2 and 3 spots on the UK singles chart dated January 10, 2016 with his songs - a feat never accomplished before. "Love Yourself" was at pole position, "Sorry" was one position below and "What Do You Mean?" was at #3.
2016 David Bowie died from cancer following an eighteen-month battle with the disease on January 10, 2016. He had celebrated his 69th birthday two days earlier. In the "Lazarus" video, Bowie sings from a hospital bed, a wrap covering his eyes. Doctors reportedly informed the singer the cancer was terminal and that they were ending treatment during the week of shooting the visual in November 2015.
2017 Passenger services were inaugurated on January 10, 2017 on the Addis Ababa–Djibouti Railway, a fast electric railway connecting the Ethiopian capital to the the port of Djibouti, providing landlocked Ethiopia with railroad access to the Red Sea.
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