630 On December 11, 630 Muhammad entered Mecca with a force of 10,000 and the city submitted to him. Within two years all of Arabia was united under Islam. Twelve years after Muhammad's death in 632, Islam had spread to Egypt, Syria, and parts of the Persian and Byzantine territories and by 678 all North Africa had succumbed to the Islam military might.
1098 The Siege of Maarat occurred in the city of Ma'arrat al-Numan, in what is modern-day Syria during the First Crusade. The crusaders breached the walls on December 11, 1098 and on the morning of December 12, the Muslim garrison negotiated with Bohemond, who promised them safe conduct if they surrendered. However, the crusader began to massacre the population and about 20,000 inhabitants were killed.
1553 On December 11, 1553 Saint Francis Xavier's body was shipped to Goa. It is now in the Basilica of Bom Jésus in Goa, where it was placed into a silver casket in 1637. This casket, constructed by Goan silversmiths, was an exemplary blend of Italian and Indian aesthetic sensibilities. The silver casket is lowered for public viewing only during the public exposition which occurs for a duration of six weeks every ten years.
1618 In 1569, Poland formed a strong union with Lithuania called the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth was at its greatest extent after the Truce of Deulino, which was signed on December 11, 1618. It concluded the Polish–Muscovite War (1605–1618) between the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Tsardom of Russia. In the years 1618–1621 Poland covered an area of 990 000 km.²
1688 Following William of Orange's deposing of James II, the English king tried to flee to France on December 11, 1688. James was captured in Kent. A few days later, he was released and placed under Dutch protective guard. Having no desire to make James a martyr, William of Orange let him escape to France where he was received by his cousin and ally, Louis XIV.
1781 Scottish physicist Sir David Brewster was born on December 11, 1781. In 1817 he invented the kaleidoscope, an optical toy where the user sees many beautiful, colorful patterns. The word "kaleidoscope" is derived from the Ancient Greek kalos, "beautiful, beauty", eidos, "that which is seen: form, shape" and skope, "to look to, to examine."
1789 The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, one of the oldest public universities in the United States, received its charter on December 11, 1789. The university first began enrolling students in 1795, and was the only one to award degrees in the 18th century,
1792 In August 1792, during the French Revolution, insurrectionists in Paris stormed the Tuileries Palace, where King Louis XVI of France and his family were placed under house arrest. He was was put on trial for treason by the National Convention on December 11, 1792. King Louis XVI was quickly proclaimed guilty and was guillotined six weeks later.
1803 French composer Louis-Hector Berlioz was born in La Cote-St-Andre, in the French Alps, on December 11, 1803. His father, a prosperous physician with a love for music, invited many music masters to settle in the town so the boy would be exposed to a rich musical environment. His best known works include Symphonie fantastique and the Requiem. Berlioz's 1843 book on modern instrumentation and orchestration, Treatise on Instrumentation, became a standard reference work.
1816 In 1800, Congress separated Ohio from the Northwest Territory, designating the rest of the land as the Indiana Territory. The size of the Indiana territory was decreased when it was subdivided to create the Michigan Territory (1805) and the Illinois Territory (1809). The remaining southern portion of the territory, Indiana, was admitted to the United States as the 19th U.S. state on December 11, 1816.
1863 American astronomer Annie Jump Cannon was born December 11, 1863. She manually classified more stars in a lifetime than anyone else, around 350,000 stars. Cannon could classify a single star, fully, in approximately 20 seconds. and used a magnifying glass for the majority of the (faint) stars.
1886 The London-based football club Arsenal, then known as Dial Square, played their first match on December 11, 1886. The game against Eastern Wanderers was played on an open field on the Isle of Dogs, which they won 6–0. The club were renamed Royal Arsenal soon after.
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| Muhammad's entry into Mecca . He is shown as a flame in this manuscript. Bazil's Hamla-i Haydari. |
1098 The Siege of Maarat occurred in the city of Ma'arrat al-Numan, in what is modern-day Syria during the First Crusade. The crusaders breached the walls on December 11, 1098 and on the morning of December 12, the Muslim garrison negotiated with Bohemond, who promised them safe conduct if they surrendered. However, the crusader began to massacre the population and about 20,000 inhabitants were killed.
1553 On December 11, 1553 Saint Francis Xavier's body was shipped to Goa. It is now in the Basilica of Bom Jésus in Goa, where it was placed into a silver casket in 1637. This casket, constructed by Goan silversmiths, was an exemplary blend of Italian and Indian aesthetic sensibilities. The silver casket is lowered for public viewing only during the public exposition which occurs for a duration of six weeks every ten years.
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| Casket of Saint Francis Xavier in the Basilica of Bom Jesus in Goa, India |
1618 In 1569, Poland formed a strong union with Lithuania called the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth was at its greatest extent after the Truce of Deulino, which was signed on December 11, 1618. It concluded the Polish–Muscovite War (1605–1618) between the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Tsardom of Russia. In the years 1618–1621 Poland covered an area of 990 000 km.²
1688 Following William of Orange's deposing of James II, the English king tried to flee to France on December 11, 1688. James was captured in Kent. A few days later, he was released and placed under Dutch protective guard. Having no desire to make James a martyr, William of Orange let him escape to France where he was received by his cousin and ally, Louis XIV.
1781 Scottish physicist Sir David Brewster was born on December 11, 1781. In 1817 he invented the kaleidoscope, an optical toy where the user sees many beautiful, colorful patterns. The word "kaleidoscope" is derived from the Ancient Greek kalos, "beautiful, beauty", eidos, "that which is seen: form, shape" and skope, "to look to, to examine."
1789 The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, one of the oldest public universities in the United States, received its charter on December 11, 1789. The university first began enrolling students in 1795, and was the only one to award degrees in the 18th century,
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| Old East Residence Hall, built in 1793. By Caroline Culler Wikipedia |
1792 In August 1792, during the French Revolution, insurrectionists in Paris stormed the Tuileries Palace, where King Louis XVI of France and his family were placed under house arrest. He was was put on trial for treason by the National Convention on December 11, 1792. King Louis XVI was quickly proclaimed guilty and was guillotined six weeks later.
1803 French composer Louis-Hector Berlioz was born in La Cote-St-Andre, in the French Alps, on December 11, 1803. His father, a prosperous physician with a love for music, invited many music masters to settle in the town so the boy would be exposed to a rich musical environment. His best known works include Symphonie fantastique and the Requiem. Berlioz's 1843 book on modern instrumentation and orchestration, Treatise on Instrumentation, became a standard reference work.
1816 In 1800, Congress separated Ohio from the Northwest Territory, designating the rest of the land as the Indiana Territory. The size of the Indiana territory was decreased when it was subdivided to create the Michigan Territory (1805) and the Illinois Territory (1809). The remaining southern portion of the territory, Indiana, was admitted to the United States as the 19th U.S. state on December 11, 1816.
1863 American astronomer Annie Jump Cannon was born December 11, 1863. She manually classified more stars in a lifetime than anyone else, around 350,000 stars. Cannon could classify a single star, fully, in approximately 20 seconds. and used a magnifying glass for the majority of the (faint) stars.
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| Annie Jump Cannon at her desk at the Harvard College Observatory |
1886 The London-based football club Arsenal, then known as Dial Square, played their first match on December 11, 1886. The game against Eastern Wanderers was played on an open field on the Isle of Dogs, which they won 6–0. The club were renamed Royal Arsenal soon after.
1905 The highest temperature ever recorded in South America was 48.9 °C (120.0 °F) in Rivadavia, Salta Province, Argentina on December 11, 1905. This record-breaking temperature was set during a severe heatwave that affected much of Argentina and Uruguay.
1914 The UK's Royal Flying Corps (later the RAF) adopted the red, white and blue roundel as their aircraft badge on December 11, 1914. Three and a half years later, the oldest independent air force in the world, was founded when The Royal Flying Corps and Royal Naval Air Services amalgamated and established a separate service as the Royal Air Force (RAF).
1936 Albert Frederick Arthur George Windsor became George VI, King of the United Kingdom, on December 11, 1936 when his elder brother, Edward VIII abdicated to marry Wallis Simpson. George VI was crowned on May 12, 1937. The coronation took place on the date originally set for his brother, Edward VIII, to be crowned, before he abdicated.
1941 After the Japanese attack at Pearl Harbor, antiwar sentiment in the United States largely evaporated overnight. Following Franklin Roosevelt's declaration of war on the Empire of Japan. Hitler and Mussolini then declared war on the United States on December 11, 1941. The United States, responded in kind, declaring war on them.
1987 Charlie Chaplin’s iconic cane and bowler hat, which were inseparable from his Little Tramp persona, sold at London’s Christie’s for £82,500 ($135,000) on December 11, 1987. The oversize boots that were also part of his signature costume fetched £38,500 ($63,000).
1988 On December 11, 1988, aged 15 years and 232 days, Sachin Tendulkar made his debut for Bombay against Gujarat at home and scored 100 not out in that match, making him the youngest Indian to score a century on debut in first-class cricket.
2008 American stockbroker Bernard Madoff was arrested and charged with securities fraud in a $64.8 billion Ponzi scheme on December 11, 2008, the largest in history. Madoff was sentenced to 150 years in prison six months later.
2008 The last significant snowfall in New Orleans was on the morning of December 11, 2008. This was a very rare event, as snow is only recorded in the city on average once every 10 years. The snowfall was caused by a cold front that moved across the Gulf Coast, bringing with it a surge of arctic air.
2016 The Gotthard Base Tunnel (GBT) is a railway tunnel through the Alps in Switzerland, where full service began on December 11, 2016. At 57.09 km (35.5 mi) in length, and a total of 151.84 km (94.3 mi) of tunnels, shafts and passages, it is the world's longest and deepest traffic tunnel and the first flat low-level route through the Alps.
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