1577 Sir Francis Walsingham was principal secretary to Queen Elizabeth I of England from 1573 until his death and is popularly remembered as her "spymaster." He tracked down supposed conspirators by employing informers, and intercepting correspondence. Walsingham was knighted December 1, 1577.
1581 In Elizabethan England, the Roman Catholic religion was outlawed and many lost their lives because of their faith. These included Edmund Campion, an English Jesuit, who circulated his Decem rationes (Ten Reasons) against Anglicanism. Campion was arrested, tortured, tried on a charge of conspiracy, and hanged in London on December 1, 1581. He was the first Jesuit martyr in England.
1640 The Iberian Union ceased on December 1, 1640 when the Portuguese rebelled against Spanish rule and acclaimed João IV as King of Portugal. João IV's ascension ended 60 years of personal union of the crowns of Portugal and Spain and the end of the rule of the Philippine Dynasty. It was the beginning of the House of Braganza, which reigned in Portugal until 1910.
1662 King Charles II of England learned ice skating while in exile in Holland and, on his return home, he brought with him the iron-bladed skate. John Evelyn in his Memoirs tells in an entry for December 1, 1662 about his admiration on seeing "on the new canal in St James Park. . . the strange and wonderful dexterity of the sliders... after the manner of Hollanders" - "with what swiftness they passe, how suddenly they stop in full carriere upon the ice."
1663 John Dryden, England's first Poet Laureate, married the royalist Lady Elizabeth Howard on December 1, 1663. Lady Elizabeth Howard was the sister of his close friend and fellow writer, Sir Robert Howard. The marriage produced three sons: Charles, John, and Erasmus Henry. Dryden's marriage to Lady Elizabeth Howard lasted until his death in 1700.
1818 The teenage John Keats started an apprenticeship with Thomas Hammond, a doctor and family friend in Edmonton, Middlesex in 1810. He qualified as a doctor, but gave up medicine and became a full time poet to his guardian's dismay in 1818. The poet nursed his younger brother Tom who was suffering from tuberculosis until Tom died on December 1, 1818
1825 In the autumn of 1825 Czar Alexander I of Russia undertook a voyage to the south of Russia due to the increasing illness of his wife. During his trip he himself caught a cold which developed into typhus from which he died in the southern city of Taganrog on December 1, 1825.
1864 The Great Fire of Brisbane swept through the central parts of the city on December 1, 1864. For two and a half hours the fire burned out of control in large parts of Brisbane's central business district with entire blocks being destroyed, mainly in Queen, Albert, George, and Elizabeth Streets.
1865 Shaw University, the United States' first black university in the South, was founded by the American Baptist Home Mission Society in Raleigh, North Carolina on December 1, 1865. It was established shortly after the Civil War during the Reconstruction era to provide educational opportunities for newly freed African Americans. Shaw University played a significant role in the education of African Americans and the advancement of civil rights.
1885 In 1885, a young pharmacist called Charles Alderton was working and serving carbonated soft drinks at Morrison's Old Corner Drug Store, in Waco, Texas. Having noted that customers soon tired of drinking the same old fruit flavors, the inventive Alderton decided to make something new by blending several fruit extracts. After numerous experiments, he finally created one he liked, which he named Dr. Pepper after his employer. The first serving of the new soft drink was on December 1, 1885.
1913 The Ford Motor Company introduced the first moving assembly line at its Highland Park plant in Michigan on December 1, 1913. This innovation revolutionized the manufacturing process for automobiles by allowing for more efficient and cost-effective mass production. The moving assembly line significantly increased the speed at which cars could be produced, making them more affordable and accessible to the general public.
1913 The Ottomans conquered Crete in 1669, after the siege of Candia. Six months after Crete obtained self-rule from Turkey after the First Balkan War, it was annexed by Greece on December 1, 1913. The annexation was a significant victory for the Greek government and for the Megali Idea, the concept of unifying all Greeks into a single state.
1913 The first American drive-in automobile service gas station was opened by Gulf Refining in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania on December 1, 1913. The first station specifically designed to sell fuels and other related products, it sold 30 gallons, at 27 cents each on its first day. It was also the first architect-designed station and the first to distribute free road maps.
1913 The Buenos Aires Metro started operating on December 1, 1913. It was the first underground railway system in both the southern hemisphere and Latin America. The initial line, Line A, connected Plaza de Mayo to Plaza Miserere in Buenos Aires.
1918 The Kingdom of Iceland became a sovereign state on December 1, 1918, yet remained a part of the Danish kingdom until 1944 when it declared its independence and became a republic. June 17th was chosen as Independence Day as it was the birthday of Jon Sigurosson, the 19th century leader of the Iceland Independence Movement.
1918 Iceland's flag dates from 1915, when a red cross was inserted into the white cross of the original flag. This cross represents Christianity. It was adopted and became the national flag when Iceland gained independence from Denmark on December 1, 1918.
1927 Bouvet Island in the South Atlantic Ocean is the most remote island in the world. It was claimed for Norway on December 1, 1927. The nearest land is the uninhabited Queen Maud Land, Antarctica, over 1,600 km (994 mi) away to the south. The nearest inhabited lands are Tristan da Cunha, 2,260 km (1,404 mi) away and South Africa, 2,580 km (1,603 mi) away.
1935 Actor, director and screenwriter Woody Allen was born Allan Stewart Konigsberg in the Bronx, New York City, on December 1, 1935. As a boy growing up in Brooklyn, Woody spent most of his time alone in his room practicing magic tricks or playing his clarinet. Although depicting himself as nerd in his movies, Woody was a popular student and adept baseball and basketball player at high school.
1940 The comedian Richard Pryor was born in Peoria, Illinois on December 1, 1940. His family ran a brothel there. Richard’s father was a notoriously violent pimp named LeRoy Pryor. His mother was a prostitute named Gertrude. His mother periodically dropped out of his life for long stretches, and it was Richard's grandmother Marie Carter who served as his central guardian and caretaker.
1955 Full-scale production of Saab's first automobile, Saab 92, started in December 1949. The 92 was thoroughly redesigned and re-engineered six years later, and was renamed the "Saab 93". It was first presented on December 1, 1955. The 93's lasting legacy was in the field of safety: it was the first mass production car to have seat belts as standard, leading Mercedes-Benz (and later every other manufacturer) to follow suit soon afterwards.
1955 Martin Luther King was the leader of the Montgomery Bus Boycott, which started when on December 1, 1955 a black passenger, Rosa Parks, refused to give up her seat to a white passenger.
During the boycott, which lasted 381 days, King’s home was bombed but he persuaded his followers to remain non-violent despite threats to their lives and property.
1981 In 1981 The New England Journal of Medicine reported a new rare and fatal disease that had killed 95 people, mostly homosexual men. The disease later would be called AIDS. AIDS day is December 1st, in recognition of the day the AIDS virus was officially recognized on December 1, 1981.
1990 The Channel Tunnel sections started from the United Kingdom and France were met 40 metres beneath the seabed on December 1, 1990. The first man through was a British construction worker called Graham Fagg from Dover. The British and French workers then shook hands, linking their nations with the Channel Tunnel. when they met in the middle they were just 4mm off target.
1995 The United Kingdom's oldest investment banking institute, Barings Bank, collapsed in 1995 after a securities broker, Nick Leeson, lost $1.4 billion (£860 million) by speculating on the Singapore International Monetary Exchange using futures contracts. On December 1, 1995 Nick Leeson pleaded guilty to fraud related to the losses that led to the collapse of the bank.
2001 On December 1, 2001 Captain Bill Compton brought Trans World Airlines Flight 220, an MD-83, into St. Louis International Airport bringing to an end 76 years of the airline's operations following TWA's purchase by American Airlines.
2009 The Treaty of Lisbon, which was signed in 2007 between 27 European states that are members of the European Union, became effective on December 1, 2009. The document gives a common set of rules that the member states have agreed to use on subjects where they have decided to work together.
2012 Logistics or Logistics Art Project is a 2012 experimental Swedish art film conceived and created by Erika Magnusson and Daniel Andersson. At 51,420 minutes (857 hours or 35 days), it is the longest movie ever made. The 5-weeks long film was first screened at Uppsala City Library between December 1, 2012 – January 6, 2013, at the The House of Culture, Stockholm.
2012 The world's smallest tailored suit comprised trousers measuring 35.5cm (13.98 in) and the jacket 19.7 cm (7.76 in). The suit was made by Haruyama Trading Co., Ltd. in Okayama, Okayama, Japan and was measured on December 1, 2012.
1581 In Elizabethan England, the Roman Catholic religion was outlawed and many lost their lives because of their faith. These included Edmund Campion, an English Jesuit, who circulated his Decem rationes (Ten Reasons) against Anglicanism. Campion was arrested, tortured, tried on a charge of conspiracy, and hanged in London on December 1, 1581. He was the first Jesuit martyr in England.
 |
| Edmund Campion. By Unknown Wikipedia Commons |
1640 The Iberian Union ceased on December 1, 1640 when the Portuguese rebelled against Spanish rule and acclaimed João IV as King of Portugal. João IV's ascension ended 60 years of personal union of the crowns of Portugal and Spain and the end of the rule of the Philippine Dynasty. It was the beginning of the House of Braganza, which reigned in Portugal until 1910.
1662 King Charles II of England learned ice skating while in exile in Holland and, on his return home, he brought with him the iron-bladed skate. John Evelyn in his Memoirs tells in an entry for December 1, 1662 about his admiration on seeing "on the new canal in St James Park. . . the strange and wonderful dexterity of the sliders... after the manner of Hollanders" - "with what swiftness they passe, how suddenly they stop in full carriere upon the ice."
 |
| Unknown Ice skaters on the Seine 1608 |
1663 John Dryden, England's first Poet Laureate, married the royalist Lady Elizabeth Howard on December 1, 1663. Lady Elizabeth Howard was the sister of his close friend and fellow writer, Sir Robert Howard. The marriage produced three sons: Charles, John, and Erasmus Henry. Dryden's marriage to Lady Elizabeth Howard lasted until his death in 1700.
1818 The teenage John Keats started an apprenticeship with Thomas Hammond, a doctor and family friend in Edmonton, Middlesex in 1810. He qualified as a doctor, but gave up medicine and became a full time poet to his guardian's dismay in 1818. The poet nursed his younger brother Tom who was suffering from tuberculosis until Tom died on December 1, 1818
1825 In the autumn of 1825 Czar Alexander I of Russia undertook a voyage to the south of Russia due to the increasing illness of his wife. During his trip he himself caught a cold which developed into typhus from which he died in the southern city of Taganrog on December 1, 1825.
1864 The Great Fire of Brisbane swept through the central parts of the city on December 1, 1864. For two and a half hours the fire burned out of control in large parts of Brisbane's central business district with entire blocks being destroyed, mainly in Queen, Albert, George, and Elizabeth Streets.
 |
| A drawing depicting the scene at 11.30 pm on the night of 1 December 1864 |
1865 Shaw University, the United States' first black university in the South, was founded by the American Baptist Home Mission Society in Raleigh, North Carolina on December 1, 1865. It was established shortly after the Civil War during the Reconstruction era to provide educational opportunities for newly freed African Americans. Shaw University played a significant role in the education of African Americans and the advancement of civil rights.
1885 In 1885, a young pharmacist called Charles Alderton was working and serving carbonated soft drinks at Morrison's Old Corner Drug Store, in Waco, Texas. Having noted that customers soon tired of drinking the same old fruit flavors, the inventive Alderton decided to make something new by blending several fruit extracts. After numerous experiments, he finally created one he liked, which he named Dr. Pepper after his employer. The first serving of the new soft drink was on December 1, 1885.
1913 The Ford Motor Company introduced the first moving assembly line at its Highland Park plant in Michigan on December 1, 1913. This innovation revolutionized the manufacturing process for automobiles by allowing for more efficient and cost-effective mass production. The moving assembly line significantly increased the speed at which cars could be produced, making them more affordable and accessible to the general public.
1913 The Ottomans conquered Crete in 1669, after the siege of Candia. Six months after Crete obtained self-rule from Turkey after the First Balkan War, it was annexed by Greece on December 1, 1913. The annexation was a significant victory for the Greek government and for the Megali Idea, the concept of unifying all Greeks into a single state.
1913 The first American drive-in automobile service gas station was opened by Gulf Refining in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania on December 1, 1913. The first station specifically designed to sell fuels and other related products, it sold 30 gallons, at 27 cents each on its first day. It was also the first architect-designed station and the first to distribute free road maps.
1913 The Buenos Aires Metro started operating on December 1, 1913. It was the first underground railway system in both the southern hemisphere and Latin America. The initial line, Line A, connected Plaza de Mayo to Plaza Miserere in Buenos Aires.
1918 The Kingdom of Iceland became a sovereign state on December 1, 1918, yet remained a part of the Danish kingdom until 1944 when it declared its independence and became a republic. June 17th was chosen as Independence Day as it was the birthday of Jon Sigurosson, the 19th century leader of the Iceland Independence Movement.
1918 Iceland's flag dates from 1915, when a red cross was inserted into the white cross of the original flag. This cross represents Christianity. It was adopted and became the national flag when Iceland gained independence from Denmark on December 1, 1918.
1927 Bouvet Island in the South Atlantic Ocean is the most remote island in the world. It was claimed for Norway on December 1, 1927. The nearest land is the uninhabited Queen Maud Land, Antarctica, over 1,600 km (994 mi) away to the south. The nearest inhabited lands are Tristan da Cunha, 2,260 km (1,404 mi) away and South Africa, 2,580 km (1,603 mi) away.
 |
| Red mark indicates Bouvet Island |
1935 Actor, director and screenwriter Woody Allen was born Allan Stewart Konigsberg in the Bronx, New York City, on December 1, 1935. As a boy growing up in Brooklyn, Woody spent most of his time alone in his room practicing magic tricks or playing his clarinet. Although depicting himself as nerd in his movies, Woody was a popular student and adept baseball and basketball player at high school.
1940 The comedian Richard Pryor was born in Peoria, Illinois on December 1, 1940. His family ran a brothel there. Richard’s father was a notoriously violent pimp named LeRoy Pryor. His mother was a prostitute named Gertrude. His mother periodically dropped out of his life for long stretches, and it was Richard's grandmother Marie Carter who served as his central guardian and caretaker.
1955 Full-scale production of Saab's first automobile, Saab 92, started in December 1949. The 92 was thoroughly redesigned and re-engineered six years later, and was renamed the "Saab 93". It was first presented on December 1, 1955. The 93's lasting legacy was in the field of safety: it was the first mass production car to have seat belts as standard, leading Mercedes-Benz (and later every other manufacturer) to follow suit soon afterwards.
 |
| Saab 93. By MartinHansV |
1955 Martin Luther King was the leader of the Montgomery Bus Boycott, which started when on December 1, 1955 a black passenger, Rosa Parks, refused to give up her seat to a white passenger.
During the boycott, which lasted 381 days, King’s home was bombed but he persuaded his followers to remain non-violent despite threats to their lives and property.
1981 In 1981 The New England Journal of Medicine reported a new rare and fatal disease that had killed 95 people, mostly homosexual men. The disease later would be called AIDS. AIDS day is December 1st, in recognition of the day the AIDS virus was officially recognized on December 1, 1981.
1990 The Channel Tunnel sections started from the United Kingdom and France were met 40 metres beneath the seabed on December 1, 1990. The first man through was a British construction worker called Graham Fagg from Dover. The British and French workers then shook hands, linking their nations with the Channel Tunnel. when they met in the middle they were just 4mm off target.
1995 The United Kingdom's oldest investment banking institute, Barings Bank, collapsed in 1995 after a securities broker, Nick Leeson, lost $1.4 billion (£860 million) by speculating on the Singapore International Monetary Exchange using futures contracts. On December 1, 1995 Nick Leeson pleaded guilty to fraud related to the losses that led to the collapse of the bank.
2001 On December 1, 2001 Captain Bill Compton brought Trans World Airlines Flight 220, an MD-83, into St. Louis International Airport bringing to an end 76 years of the airline's operations following TWA's purchase by American Airlines.
2009 The Treaty of Lisbon, which was signed in 2007 between 27 European states that are members of the European Union, became effective on December 1, 2009. The document gives a common set of rules that the member states have agreed to use on subjects where they have decided to work together.
2012 Logistics or Logistics Art Project is a 2012 experimental Swedish art film conceived and created by Erika Magnusson and Daniel Andersson. At 51,420 minutes (857 hours or 35 days), it is the longest movie ever made. The 5-weeks long film was first screened at Uppsala City Library between December 1, 2012 – January 6, 2013, at the The House of Culture, Stockholm.
2012 The world's smallest tailored suit comprised trousers measuring 35.5cm (13.98 in) and the jacket 19.7 cm (7.76 in). The suit was made by Haruyama Trading Co., Ltd. in Okayama, Okayama, Japan and was measured on December 1, 2012.
2012 The actor George Clooney had a pet pot-bellied pig called Max, which he looked after for 18 years before it died on December 1, 2006. Clooney spoke affectionately about Max in various interviews, sharing stories about the pig, which was even a bit of a celebrity itself.
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