312 Constantine I defeated Maxentius in the October 28, 312 Battle of the Milvian Bridge becoming the sole Roman emperor in the West. The day after his victory at the Battle of Milvian Bridge, Constantine the Great entered Rome, staged a grand adventus in the city, and was met with popular jubilation. Maxentius' body was fished out of the Tiber and beheaded.
1420 The State of Yan named Beijing its capital during the Warring States period of 475 to 221 BC. Beijing was developed substantially by the Mongol emperor Kublai Khan. Known as Dadu, he established it as the political center for all of China. During the Ming dynasty the capital was moved to Nanjing for 35 years. Beijing was only reinstalled as China’s capital on October 28, 1420, the same year that the Forbidden City, the seat of government, was completed.
1492 Christopher Columbus discovered Cuba during his first voyage to the New World on October 28, 1492. Two of Columbus' scouts in Cuba came back with wild tales of a sort of grain, which was "well tasted baked, dried and made into flour." The natives in their language called it “mahiz”; Columbus named it “maize”.
1533 At the age of 14, Catherine de' Medici married Henry duc d'Orléans, the son of the French King Francis I. The wedding took place in the Église Saint-Ferréol les Augustins in Marseille on October 28, 1533. For the first ten years of the marriage, Catherine failed to produce any children. Eventually she bore him five children, Francis II of France, Elizabeth of Valois, Charles IX of France, Henry III of France and Margaret of Valois.
1636 A vote of the Great and General Court of the Massachusetts Bay Colony established a school on October 28, 1636 in Cambridge. In 1638 clergyman John Harvard bequeathed half of his monetary estate, £780, together with his library of some 400 volumes to the recently founded and unnamed school. The school renamed itself Harvard College on March 13, 1639 in his honor.
1818 Abigail Adams, wife of President John Adams, died on October 28, 1818 of typhoid fever.
Her last words were, "Do not grieve, my friend, my dearest friend. I am ready to go. And John, it will not be long." She is buried beside her husband in a crypt located in the United First Parish Church (also known as the Church of the Presidents) in Quincy, Massachusetts.
1848 The first railroad in Spain, which ran between Barcelona and Mataró, was inaugurated on October 28, 1848. The Barcelona-Mataró railway was a relatively short line by today's standards but was an immediate success financially and made the Maresme a wealthy area.
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| Battle at the Milvian Bridge, Audran after Le Brun |
1420 The State of Yan named Beijing its capital during the Warring States period of 475 to 221 BC. Beijing was developed substantially by the Mongol emperor Kublai Khan. Known as Dadu, he established it as the political center for all of China. During the Ming dynasty the capital was moved to Nanjing for 35 years. Beijing was only reinstalled as China’s capital on October 28, 1420, the same year that the Forbidden City, the seat of government, was completed.
1533 At the age of 14, Catherine de' Medici married Henry duc d'Orléans, the son of the French King Francis I. The wedding took place in the Église Saint-Ferréol les Augustins in Marseille on October 28, 1533. For the first ten years of the marriage, Catherine failed to produce any children. Eventually she bore him five children, Francis II of France, Elizabeth of Valois, Charles IX of France, Henry III of France and Margaret of Valois.
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| Catherine and Henry's marriage, painted seventeen years after the event |
1636 A vote of the Great and General Court of the Massachusetts Bay Colony established a school on October 28, 1636 in Cambridge. In 1638 clergyman John Harvard bequeathed half of his monetary estate, £780, together with his library of some 400 volumes to the recently founded and unnamed school. The school renamed itself Harvard College on March 13, 1639 in his honor.
1818 Abigail Adams, wife of President John Adams, died on October 28, 1818 of typhoid fever.
Her last words were, "Do not grieve, my friend, my dearest friend. I am ready to go. And John, it will not be long." She is buried beside her husband in a crypt located in the United First Parish Church (also known as the Church of the Presidents) in Quincy, Massachusetts.
1848 The first railroad in Spain, which ran between Barcelona and Mataró, was inaugurated on October 28, 1848. The Barcelona-Mataró railway was a relatively short line by today's standards but was an immediate success financially and made the Maresme a wealthy area.
1858 Macy's was founded by Rowland Hussey Macy, who between 1843 and 1855 opened four retail dry goods stores in Massachusetts, which all failed. Macy moved to New York City and established a new store named "R. H. Macy & Co." on Sixth Avenue between 13th and 14th Street. On the company's first day of business on October 28, 1858. the gross receipts totaled $11.08.
1886 The Statue of Liberty was dedicated on October 28, 1886. President Grover Cleveland, the former New York governor, presided over the event, which was marked by the city's first ticker-tape parade. The statue, was designed by French sculptor Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi. Maurice Koechlin, who was chief engineer of Gustave Eiffel's engineering company and designer of the Eiffel Tower, designed the internal structure.
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| Unveiling of the Statue of Liberty Enlightening the World (1886) by Edward Moran |
1892 The Théâtre Optique (Optical Theatre) was an animated moving picture system invented by Charles-Émile Reynaud and patented in 1888. The first public performance took place in Paris on October 28, 1892. It included three cartoons, the first of which was a 15-minute animation, Pauvre Pierrot, made from 500 hand-painted images, which was the first ever presentation of projected moving images to an audience.
1925 The burial chamber of the ancient Egyptian Boy King Tutankhamun was discovered by British archaeologist Howard Carter. The death mask of Tutankhamun, possibly made for his wife Queen Nefertiti, was uncovered for the first time in 3,250 years on October 28, 1925. Tutankhamun's tomb is the only royal Egyptian tomb to date to be discovered intact and complete. All others were looted some time during the years.
1940 On October 28, 1940, the Fascist Italians, with support from Nazi Germany, approached Greece to join their side in World War II. The Greek Prime Minister Ioannis Metaxas declined. Historians believe that if the Greeks had not refused, World War II could have lasted longer with dramatically different outcomes.
1942 The Alaska Highway was constructed during World War II for the purpose of connecting the contiguous United States to Alaska through Canada. The highway was completed on October 28, 1942 at a length of approximately 2,700 kilometres (1,700 mi) long, By 2012, it had shrunk to 2,232 km (1,387 mi) because of the continuing reconstruction of the highway, which has rerouted and straightened many sections.
1955 Microsoft co-founder Bill Gates was born William Henry Gates III on October 28, 1955. His father was a lawyer and his mother served on the board of directors for First Interstate BancSystem and the United Way. Gates co-founded Microsoft, which he grew to become one of the most successful companies in history. Forbes ranked him the wealthiest person in the world from 1995 to 2009. The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, launched in 2000, is reported to be the largest private foundation in the world.
1962 The Cuban Missile Crisis was a 13-day confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union when the USSR was spotted constructing bases for ballistic nuclear missiles in Cuba. It played out on television worldwide and was the closest the Cold War came to escalating into a full-scale nuclear war. It ended on October 28, 1962 when Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev ordered the removal of Soviet missiles from Cuba.
1971 Britain’s Black Arrow rocket launched the satellite Prospero into space from Woomera in South Australia to orbit the Earth on October 28, 1971. Prospero, also known as the Prospero X-3, was the first and only satellite to be launched into orbit by a British launch vehicle. It was part of the British space program and carried a variety of experiments and instruments for scientific research.
1990 The Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic held the first multiparty legislature election in the country's history on October 28, 1990. When the Georgian independence referendum took place five months later, nearly 99 percent of the voters support the country's independence from the Soviet Union. Shortly before the collapse of the Soviet Union, Georgia declared its independence under Zviad Gamsakhurdia.
1992 Lee Jang Rim, the South Korean founder of the Dami Mission church predicted the world would end on October 28, 1992, but used donations from his followers to purchase bonds that did not mature until after that date.
1995 The world's deadliest subway disaster was the 1995 Baku Metro fire, which occurred in Baku, Azerbaijan on October 28, 1995 following an electrical malfunction. The smoke and toxic fumes made it difficult for both passengers and rescue workers to escape and provide assistance. 289 people lost their lives in the fire, and many others suffered injuries. The lack of proper safety measures, including fire safety and evacuation procedures, was a contributing factor to the high casualty count.
1998 On October 28, 1998, Shon Hopwood pleaded guilty to robbing several banks in Nebraska. During his 11 years in federal prison, Hopwood spent time in the law library and became well-known as a jailhouse lawyer. He had become an accomplished United States Supreme Court practitioner by the time he left in 2008.
2015 A cracker that survived the Titanic was sold for $23,000 (£15,034) on October 28, 2015 at the Henry Aldridge & Son auction house. The biscuit, which was used as part of a survival kit on one of the Titanic lifeboats, was saved by James Fenwick, a passenger on the Carpathia vessel that saved Titanic passengers at sea, and was kept intact in a Kodak film envelope.
2015 Brazilian goalkeeper Rogério Ceni played his 1,197th and last game for Sao Paulo FC on October 28, 2015. Ceni holds the record as the footballer for the most appearances for the same club. He also holds the record for most goals scored by a goalkeeper in a career - 129.
2021 Mark Zuckerberg announced on October 28, 2021 that Facebook inc is changing its company name to Meta Platforms, Inc., or simply "Meta". Facebook, the social media network, would now become an independent subsidiary of Meta, the same as other applications like Instagram and WhatsApp.
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