551BC It is generally thought that the Chinese sage Confucius was born on September 28, 551 BC. The son of a once noble family who had recently fled from the State of Song, his father, Kong He, was seventy and his concubine mother, Yan Zhengzai, only fifteen at his birth. Confucius had nine older sisters and a crippled brother.
935 Duke Wenceslaus I of Bohemia (the "Good King Wenceslas" of the Christmas carol) was renowned for his piety. He founded many churches in Prague, including a rotunda consecrated to St. Vitus at Prague Castle, which exists as present-day St. Vitus Cathedral. Duke Wenceslaus I was murdered on September 28, 935, when he was killed by nobles on his way to Mass at the church door. The people were outraged and regarded the martyred duke as a saint.
1066 William the Conqueror, The Duke of Normandy, began the Norman conquest of England when he landed on Pevensey beach on September 28, 1066. William's first action on landing on Pevensey beach was ominously to trip over, land on his face and swallow some sand. A great cry went up that it was a bad omen but always ready for a bon mot, Norman duke splattered " I have seized England with both hands."
1791 On September 28, 1791, France became the second country of the world, after Poland 500 years earlier, to emancipate its Jewish population. There were 40,000 Jews living in France at the time. The civic equality the French Jews attained became a model for other European Jews.
1836 English plumber Thomas Crapper was born in Thorne, Yorkshire, in 1836; the exact date is unknown, but he was baptized on September 28, 1836. Crapper is best known for perfecting the siphon flush, which, by drawing water uphill through a sealed cistern, is both effective and hygienic. He first demonstrated it in 1863.
1891 Moby-Dick author Herman Melville died on September 28, 1891. Moby-Dick is now considered by some as the greatest contribution of American letters to world literature. However, after a run of successful seafaring tales, the work was the first flop for ex-cabin boy Herman Melville. He quit writing and spent his last two decades as a custom officer on the New York docks.
1892 The first night football game was played in Mansfield, Pennsylvania on September 28, 1892 between Mansfield State Normal and Wyoming Seminary. It ended bitterly at halftime in a 0–0 tie when the referee, Dwight Smith abandoned the match because the limited lighting and foggy conditions made the game too dangerous to continue.
1894 On September 28, 1894 Michael Marks, a Jewish immigrant from the Russian region of Belarus, signed a partnership with cashier Tom Spencer to open a shop at 20 Cheetham Hill Road, Manchester. The next few years saw Michael Marks and Tom Spencer open market stalls in many locations around the North West of England. By 1900, Marks & Spencer had expanded to include 36 Penny Bazaars and 12 high street stores.
1895 French chemist and microbiologist Louis Pasteur died on September 28, 1895 near Paris from complications caused by a series of strokes that had begun plaguing since his first one in 1868.
He was buried in the Cathedral of Notre Dame, but his remains were soon placed in a tomb of marble and granite under the courtyard of the Institut Pasteur, Paris.
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| Confucius |
935 Duke Wenceslaus I of Bohemia (the "Good King Wenceslas" of the Christmas carol) was renowned for his piety. He founded many churches in Prague, including a rotunda consecrated to St. Vitus at Prague Castle, which exists as present-day St. Vitus Cathedral. Duke Wenceslaus I was murdered on September 28, 935, when he was killed by nobles on his way to Mass at the church door. The people were outraged and regarded the martyred duke as a saint.
1066 William the Conqueror, The Duke of Normandy, began the Norman conquest of England when he landed on Pevensey beach on September 28, 1066. William's first action on landing on Pevensey beach was ominously to trip over, land on his face and swallow some sand. A great cry went up that it was a bad omen but always ready for a bon mot, Norman duke splattered " I have seized England with both hands."
1791 On September 28, 1791, France became the second country of the world, after Poland 500 years earlier, to emancipate its Jewish population. There were 40,000 Jews living in France at the time. The civic equality the French Jews attained became a model for other European Jews.
1836 English plumber Thomas Crapper was born in Thorne, Yorkshire, in 1836; the exact date is unknown, but he was baptized on September 28, 1836. Crapper is best known for perfecting the siphon flush, which, by drawing water uphill through a sealed cistern, is both effective and hygienic. He first demonstrated it in 1863.
1891 Moby-Dick author Herman Melville died on September 28, 1891. Moby-Dick is now considered by some as the greatest contribution of American letters to world literature. However, after a run of successful seafaring tales, the work was the first flop for ex-cabin boy Herman Melville. He quit writing and spent his last two decades as a custom officer on the New York docks.
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| Etching of Joseph O. Eaton's portrait of Herman Melville |
1892 The first night football game was played in Mansfield, Pennsylvania on September 28, 1892 between Mansfield State Normal and Wyoming Seminary. It ended bitterly at halftime in a 0–0 tie when the referee, Dwight Smith abandoned the match because the limited lighting and foggy conditions made the game too dangerous to continue.
1894 On September 28, 1894 Michael Marks, a Jewish immigrant from the Russian region of Belarus, signed a partnership with cashier Tom Spencer to open a shop at 20 Cheetham Hill Road, Manchester. The next few years saw Michael Marks and Tom Spencer open market stalls in many locations around the North West of England. By 1900, Marks & Spencer had expanded to include 36 Penny Bazaars and 12 high street stores.
1895 French chemist and microbiologist Louis Pasteur died on September 28, 1895 near Paris from complications caused by a series of strokes that had begun plaguing since his first one in 1868.
He was buried in the Cathedral of Notre Dame, but his remains were soon placed in a tomb of marble and granite under the courtyard of the Institut Pasteur, Paris.
1895 Nine-year-old Joseph Meister was the first person to be inoculated against rabies. The inoculation was carried out by Dr Louis Pasteur and World Rabies Day is held every year on September 28, the date of the death in 1895 of Pasteur. The day aims to raise awareness about the impact of rabies on humans and animals, provide information and advice on how to prevent the disease.
1901 Camp Gillette founded the American Safety Razor Company on September 28, 1901 to sell his razors with a safe, inexpensive, and disposable blades. Gillette's idea was the use of the "loss leader" concept, in which the razors were sold at a loss, but the replacement blades earned a high margin and provided continuous sales. Straight razors eventually fell out of fashion thanks to Gillette's low prices and advertising campaigns denigrating the straight razor's effectiveness and questioning its safety.
1912 Corporal Frank S. Scott of the United States Army became the first enlisted man to die in an airplane crash on September 28, 1912. He and pilot Lt. Lewis C. Rockwell, who died later in hospital, were killed in the crash of an Army Wright Model B at College Park, Maryland. The investigatory board determined that Rockwell had misjudged the plane's altitude upon descent and could not recover from the dive.
1914 American businessman Richard W. Sears died on September 28, 1914. The retail company Sears started when the then-railroad station agent received a box of watches by mistake. Sears began selling the timepieces to his colleagues before branching out into mail order catalogs.
1917 The Thai flag shows five horizontal stripes in the colors red, white, blue, white and red, with the central blue stripe being twice as wide as each of the other four. The design was adopted on September 28, 1917. The colors are said to stand for nation-religion-king, red stands for the blood spilled to protect Thailand’s land and people, white for the religion of Buddhism, and blue for the nation's monarchy.
1918 Private Henry Tandey, a British soldier serving near the French village of Marcoing, reportedly encountered a wounded German soldier on September 28, 1918, and declined to shoot him. In doing so, he spared the life of 29-year-old Lance Corporal Adolf Hitler.
1919 On September 28, 1919, the New York Giants beat the Philadelphia Phillies in just 51 minutes, the fastest nine-inning in MLB history. The two teams combined for 18 hits, 3 walks, 7 runs. The fastest game until then had been a 56-minute Giants-Brooklyn contest in 1918.
1928 While working on the influenza virus at St Mary's Hospital in London, Sir Alexander Fleming observed on September 28, 1928 that mold, which had developed accidentally on a germ-colored glass plate that he had left in the sink, had created a bacteria-free circle around itself. After further experiments he found that a mold culture, Penicillium notatum, was releasing a substance that inhibited bacterial growth, even when diluted 800 times. He named the active substance penicillin.
1928 The 1920 Dangerous Drugs Act changed to a penal offence drug addiction which up to then was, within the medical profession, treated as a disease. It criminalized civilian possession of morphine, cocaine and heroin without medical need. The UK Parliament amended the act on September 28, 1928 outlawing cannabis. Doctors continued to be able to prescribe any drugs as treatments, including for addiction.
1934 The actress Brigitte Bardot was born in Paris on September 28, 1934 to Louis Bardot and Anne-Marie "Toty" Bardot. Bardot together with Marilyn Monroe was the icon of female sexuality in the 1950s and 1960s. Whenever she made public appearances in the United States, her every move was covered by a horde of media.
1978 The Roman Catholic world was left reeling when Pope Paul VI's replacement, Pope John Paul I, 65, was found dead in bed on September 28, after just 33 days in office. He had probably suffered a heart attack the night before. He was the first pontiff to have a double name, choosing "John Paul" in honor of his two immediate predecessors, John XXIII and Paul VI.
1988 Orel Hershiser of the Los Angeles Dodgers completed his MLB record of 59 consecutive scoreless innings pitched on September 28, 1988. The streak spanned from the sixth inning of a game against the Montreal Expos to the tenth inning of game against the San Diego Padres.
1995 The Oslo II Accord was officially signed in Taba (in the Sinai Peninsula, Egypt) by Israel and the PLO on September 28, 1995. A key and complex agreement in the Israeli–Palestinian Peace process, since the accord, the city of Bethlehem has been administered by the Palestinian National Authority.
1996 UK-based jockey Frankie Dettori won all seven races that were on the card at Ascot Racecourse on seven different horses on September 28, 1996. This feat, which is often referred to as the "Magnificent Seven," was previously regarded as unachievable and may never be repeated.
2008 The longest journey by skateboard was 12,159 km (7,555 miles). New Zealander Rob Thomson started his journey in Leysin, Switzerland on June 24, 2007 and finished it in Shanghai, China, on September 28, 2008.
2009 On September 28, 2009, a large protest took place in Conakry, the capital city of Guinea, against the military junta led by Captain Moussa Dadis Camara. The protest was organized by opposition groups and civil society organizations and drew around 50,000 people. The security forces, including soldiers and members of the presidential guard, used extreme violence against the protesters. The brutal crackdown resulted in the deaths of at least 157 people while over 1,200 others were injured.
2016 BlackBerry was one of the most prominent smartphone vendors of the early 21st century, specializing in secure communications and mobile productivity, By the mid-2010s BlackBerry had since lost its dominant position in the market due to the success of the Android and iOS platforms.
On September 28, 2016, Blackberry announced it would stop designing its own phones.
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