1539 Guru Nanak, the founder of the Sikh religion, died aged 70 in Kartarpur in the Punjab on September 22, 1539. He had been inspired to start a movement that combined Hindu and Muslim elements in a single religious creed after experiencing two days of mystical ecstasy when he was 30-years-old. By the time of his death, Nanak had acquired several followers in the Punjab region, although it is hard to estimate their exact number.
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| Mural painting of Guru Nanak from Gurdwara Baba Atal Rai |
1598 The English playwright Ben Jonson was imprisoned in Newgate Prison, for killing Gabriel Spenser in a duel on September 22, 1598 in Hogsden Fields, Shoreditch. Jonson was in danger of the gallows but he pleaded the benefit of the clergy and was released in return for his possessions and had a felon’s brand on his thumb.
1728 After taking his master's degree at Oxford, John Wesley returned to his hometown of Epworth as his father had requested his assistance in serving the neighbouring hamlet of Wroot. Ordained a priest on September 22, 1728, Wesley served as a parish curate for just over a year before returning to Oxford to maintain his status as junior fellow. There he led the Holy Club, an organisation that met for prayer, Bible study, and pious discipline.
1735 Britain's first Prime Minister, Sir Robert Walpole, moved in to 10 Downing Street on September 22, 1735. Walpole's immediate successors did not always reside in Number 10 (preferring their larger private residences), but the home has nevertheless become established as the official residence of the Prime Minister.
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| By Photo: Sergeant Tom Robinson Wikipedia Commons |
1761 George III was crowned King of the Kingdom of Great Britain on September 22, 1761. He reigned for 59 years and 2 months, which was longer than any other British monarch before him. Only Queen Victoria and Queen Elizabeth II have since lived and reigned longer.
1791 British scientist Michael Faraday was born on September 22, 1791 in Newington Butts, which is now part of the London Borough of Southwark. The 14-year-old Faraday was apprenticed to the radical Huguenot bookbinder George Riebau, and one day he picked up a copy of the Encyclopedia Britannica, which had been brought in to be rebound. An article on electricity captivated him and from then on he sought to devote himself to science.
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| Michael Faraday by Thomas Phillips oil on canvas, 1841-1842 |
1792 One of the major objectives of the French Revolution was to switch all measures of time from base 12 to base 10, including a ten day week. The new calendar began on September 22, 1792, the day the republic was proclaimed. Twelve years later Napoleon was forced to reintroduce the Gregorian calendar as he realized the loss of a 7-day week and in particular the Sabbath was having a detrimental effect on the health of the nation.
1827 Joseph Smith claimed to have found the Golden Plates that became the Book of Mormon on September 22, 1827. He located them on a hill, near his home in Manchester, New York, after the angel Moroni directed him to a buried stone box. The golden plates contained a revelation written in reformed Egyptian. Smith said he translated them into English with the mysterious help of "Urim and Thummim" and they turned out to be to be a religious record of the ancient inhabitants of North America.
1835 At the age of 26 the American writer Edgar Allan Poe married his aunt's 13-year-old daughter named Virginia Clemm. Their wedding took place on September 22, 1835. Seven years later, Virginia became sick with tuberculosis and Poe began to drink more heavily under the stress of his wife's illness.
Virginia died on January 30, 1847.
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| Virginia and Edgar's marriage certificate |
1888 The first issue of National Geographic Magazine was published on September 22, 1888, nine months after the Society was founded by a small group of eminent explorers and scientists. Starting with its January 1905 publication of several full-page pictures of Tibet in 1900–1901, the magazine changed from being a text-oriented publication closer to a scientific journal to featuring extensive pictorial content, and became well known for this style.
1910 The Duke of York's Picture House in Brighton is considered the oldest operating purpose-built cinema in Britain. It opened on September 22, 1910, and has been showing films ever since. It is a Grade II listed building, and is a popular destination for film lovers of all ages. The Duke of York's Picture House was built on the site of the Amber Ale Brewery, and the walls of the brewery's malthouse still form the rear part of the auditorium.
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| Opening day, 22 September 1910 |
1945 During the final months of World War II, Japan planned to use the Black Plague as a biological weapon against the population of San Diego in California. It was scheduled for September 22, 1945, but Japan surrendered just five weeks before it could happen.
1948 US and British pilots begin dropping food and supplies by plane to Berlin in 1948 after the city was isolated in the Cold War. Led by US Air Force Pilot Gail Halvorsen, the Americans began Operation "Little Vittles", delivering candy to children as part of the Berlin Airlift on September 22, 1948. US pilots managed to rain down 23 tons of candy on the city's children to boost their morale.
1955 Commercial television came to the United Kingdom when the television channel ITV went live for the first time on September 22, 1955 breaking the BBC's monopoly. The launch night broadcast to around 100,000 homes began at 7.15pm . The first ever advert broadcast by ITV was for ‘tingling fresh’ Gibbs SR toothpaste.
1960 In January 1959, Senegal and the French Sudan became one to form the Mali Federation, which became fully independent the following year as a result of the independence and transfer of power agreement signed with France. This did not last long and due to internal political difficulties, Senegal withdrew from the Federation. Two days later, The Sudanese Republic was renamed Mali on September 22, 1960.
1989 Russian-American songwriter Irving Berlin died in his sleep at his Manhattan home on September 22 1989 aged 101. His songs include "Alexander's Ragtime Band", "Easter Parade", "Puttin' on the Ritz", "Cheek to Cheek", "White Christmas", "Anything You Can Do (I Can Do Better)", and "There's No Business Like Show Business". Berlin never learned to read music or to write it. Berlin hummed or sung his songs to a secretary, who took them down in musical notation.
1991 The Dead Sea Scrolls are a group of ancient scrolls and fragments of all of the Old Testament books except the Books of Esther and Nehemiah plus other historical texts that date from around 150 BC to 68 AD. First discovered in 1947 by an Arab shepherd boy in a cave, they were made available to the public for the first time on September 22, 1991 by the Huntington Library.
1993 Major League baseball pitcher Nolan Ryan made his debut in 1966 and played his final game on September 22, 1993. He was 19 when he debuted and 46 when he retired. His 5,714 career strikeouts is an MLB record as is his lifetime batting average against of .204.
1994 The pilot episode of Friends premiered on NBC on September 22, 1994. Many titles were considered and rejected before the show was named as 'Friends'. They included Friends Like Us', 'Insomnia Cafe' and 'Across the Hall'. In the early stages of Friends' development, Chandler and Phoebe were just support characters, and the writers considered making Chandler gay.
2007 French mime Marcel Marceau died on September 22, 2007. Marceau referred to mime as the "art of silence," and he performed professionally worldwide for over 60 years. He was said to be single-handedly responsible for reviving the art of mime after World War II.
2007 Two suicide bombers attacked All Saint's Church in Peshawar, Pakistan, killing 127 and injuring over 250 others on September 22, 2007. It was the deadliest attack on the Christian minority in the country's history.
2014 Eight years after Commodore Bainimarama, Commander of the Republic of Fiji Military Forces, staged a military takeover he was eventually sworn-in as the Prime Minister of Fiji by President Ratu Epeli Nailatikau on September 22, 2014, after his Fiji First Party won the general election,
2015 New York Yankees legend Yogi Berra died of natural causes aged 90 while sleeping at his New Jersey home on September 22, 2015. It was the same day as his MLB debut 69 years before. Berra won 10 World Series championships as a player—more than any other player in MLB history.
1994 The pilot episode of Friends premiered on NBC on September 22, 1994. Many titles were considered and rejected before the show was named as 'Friends'. They included Friends Like Us', 'Insomnia Cafe' and 'Across the Hall'. In the early stages of Friends' development, Chandler and Phoebe were just support characters, and the writers considered making Chandler gay.
2007 French mime Marcel Marceau died on September 22, 2007. Marceau referred to mime as the "art of silence," and he performed professionally worldwide for over 60 years. He was said to be single-handedly responsible for reviving the art of mime after World War II.
2007 Two suicide bombers attacked All Saint's Church in Peshawar, Pakistan, killing 127 and injuring over 250 others on September 22, 2007. It was the deadliest attack on the Christian minority in the country's history.
2014 Eight years after Commodore Bainimarama, Commander of the Republic of Fiji Military Forces, staged a military takeover he was eventually sworn-in as the Prime Minister of Fiji by President Ratu Epeli Nailatikau on September 22, 2014, after his Fiji First Party won the general election,
2015 New York Yankees legend Yogi Berra died of natural causes aged 90 while sleeping at his New Jersey home on September 22, 2015. It was the same day as his MLB debut 69 years before. Berra won 10 World Series championships as a player—more than any other player in MLB history.
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